The Clacton-on-Sea (Essex, UK) GCR site and SSSI: New data and continuing importance

IF 1.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Proceedings of the Geologists Association Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pgeola.2023.07.007
Tom S. White , David R. Bridgland , Peter Allen , Mark J. White
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Abstract

The complex Geological Conservation Review (GCR) site at Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, was notified in 1986 as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is an internationally important geosite and Britain's only Lower Palaeolithic type locality, giving its name to the Clactonian stone-tool industry. Fossil- and artefact-bearing channel-fill deposits laid down by the River Thames ~ 420,000 years ago, during the Hoxnian Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 11c), have been observed in foreshore and cliff exposures, and beneath developed and open ground in an inland arcuate footprint. These sediments provide a record of the lower reaches and estuary of the Thames during this lengthy and warm interglacial, an important partial analogue for the Holocene. Palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological evidence has been obtained from assemblages of fossil molluscs, ostracods and vertebrates, together with pollen and plant macrofossils; Clacton is also the type locality for several of the represented animal taxa, including the biostratigraphically significant ostracod Scottia browniana and a large subspecies of fallow deer, Dama dama clactoniana. This paper provides an overview of the continuing importance of the Clacton GCR site and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), summarizing recently acquired data that have enhanced understanding of the Hoxnian and the palaeoenvironments that prevailed at the time of deposition. The wider geosite has benefitted from sustained Palaeolithic archaeological interest, with the local planning authority mandating investigation of the sediments as a condition for development projects. SSSI status ensures that the significant collections of palaeontological and archaeological material amassed from the Clacton deposits over almost two centuries can be related to their context, and studies of both these archived collections and new material from the protected in situ sediments continue to provide new data and contribute to the development of cutting-edge techniques.

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Clacton-on-Sea (Essex, UK) GCR站点和SSSI:新数据和持续重要性
位于埃塞克斯郡的Clacton-on-Sea的复杂地质保护评审(GCR)遗址于1986年被通知为具有特殊科学价值的遗址。它是一个国际上重要的地质遗址,也是英国唯一的下旧石器时代类型地点,其名称来源于克拉顿石器工具工业。在距今420,000 年前的霍克斯年间冰期(海洋同位素阶段11c),在前海岸和悬崖暴露处,以及在内陆弓形足迹的发达和开阔地面下,都观察到含有化石和人工制品的河道填充沉积物。这些沉积物提供了泰晤士河下游和河口在这个漫长而温暖的间冰期的记录,是全新世的重要部分模拟物。从软体动物、介形虫和脊椎动物化石组合以及花粉和植物大化石中获得了古气候和古生态证据;Clacton也是几个代表性动物分类群的模式所在地,包括具有生物地层意义的介形虫Scottia browniana和休闲鹿Dama Dama clactoniana的一个大型亚种。本文概述了Clacton GCR遗址和特殊科学兴趣遗址(SSSI)的持续重要性,总结了最近获得的数据,这些数据增强了对Hoxnian和沉积时流行的古环境的理解。由于旧石器时代的考古兴趣持续存在,更广阔的地质遗址受益,当地规划当局要求对沉积物进行调查,作为开发项目的一个条件。SSSI的地位确保了近两个世纪以来从Clacton沉积物中收集的大量古生物学和考古材料可以与其背景相关,对这些存档收藏品和来自受保护的原位沉积物的新材料的研究继续提供新的数据,并有助于尖端技术的发展。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
54
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Proceedings of the Geologists'' Association is an international geoscience journal that was founded in 1859 and publishes research and review papers on all aspects of Earth Science. In particular, papers will focus on the geology of northwestern Europe and the Mediterranean, including both the onshore and offshore record. Following a long tradition, the PGA will focus on: i) a range of article types (see below) on topics of wide relevance to Earth Sciences ii) papers on aspects of Earth Science that have societal relevance including geoconservation and Earth management, iii) papers on palaeoenvironments and palaeontology of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, iv) papers on aspects of Quaternary geology and climate change, and v) papers on the history of geology with particular reference to individuals that have shaped the subject. These topics will also steer the content of the themes of the Special Issues that are published in the PGA.
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