Proceedings of the Geologists Association最新文献

Liquefaction geo-hazard in the Fethiye Basin at the edge of Hellenic Trench 希腊海沟边缘费特希耶盆地液化地质灾害

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101148

Orkun Türe, Serhat Tuna Çelikkollu

Structures are typically built on solid-state soils, assuming they will support the loads. However, if these soils are loose and saturated, their strength decreases during earthquakes. If this critical process is not considered during the structural design, the consequences can be catastrophic. Consequently, determination of liquefiable and non-liquefiable soils and mapping their spatial distribution over an area have always been significant tasks in urbanisation especially in regions with high population density. Fethiye Basin, which is located at the edge of the Hellenic Trench, is such a high-density tourist destination with its population exceeding one million during summers. The region is known to be struck by a Ms = 7.1 earthquake in 1957 which resulted in the collapse of almost all of the buildings within the area. Moreover, latest research indicates that the region may be struck by a high magnitude earthquake in the following years and such event will be a significant threat for the residents and the visitors. Accordingly, a liquefaction hazard map of the Fethiye Basin was developed based on Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values. The western coastal part of the basin, where population density is high and groundwater is shallow, exhibits high liquefaction susceptibility. In contrast, the eastern part is relatively safe due to deeper groundwater levels.

建筑物通常建在固态土壤上，假设它们能支撑荷载。然而，如果这些土壤是松散和饱和的，它们的强度在地震中会下降。如果在结构设计中不考虑这一关键过程，后果可能是灾难性的。因此，确定可液化和不可液化土壤并绘制其在一个地区的空间分布一直是城市化的重要任务，特别是在人口密度高的地区。费特希耶盆地位于希腊海沟边缘，是一个高密度的旅游目的地，夏季人口超过100万。1957年，该地区发生了Ms = 7.1级地震，导致该地区几乎所有建筑物倒塌。此外，最新的研究表明，该地区可能会在未来几年内发生一次高震级地震，这种事件将对居民和游客构成重大威胁。据此，根据液化潜力指数（LPI）绘制了Fethiye盆地的液化危险度图。盆地西部沿海地区人口密度高，地下水较浅，具有较高的液化敏感性。相比之下，东部地区由于地下水位较深，相对安全。

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引用次数: 0

Re-assessment of a large archosaur dentary from the Late Triassic of South Wales, United Kingdom 对英国南威尔士晚三叠世一种大型齿状祖龙的重新评估

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101142

Owain Evans , Cindy Howells , Nathan Wintle , Michael J. Benton

A large jaw of a predatory archosaur from the latest Triassic of South Wales, named Zanclodon cambrensis, has long intrigued vertebrate palaeontologists. Could it be the oldest large theropod dinosaur? Here we reanalyse the specimen based on a new 3D digital reconstruction. We confirm first that it is indeed latest Triassic in age, most likely extracted from sandstones of the Cotham Member of the Lilstock Formation (Penarth Group, Rhaetian). Anatomically it shows features of theropod dinosaurs rather than other large non-dinosaurian predatory archosaurs of the Triassic. It shares general characteristics with European coelophysoids of similar age such as Liliensternus and Dracoraptor but is considerably larger. It is not a megalosauroid, as suggested previously, but it is unclear whether it might be an averostran or tetanuran. Its close similarity to Dilophosaurus suggests that this left-hand mandible specimen represents a more derived basal neotheropod and we assign it to a new genus, as Newtonsaurus cambrensis.

南威尔士三叠纪晚期的一种掠食性祖龙的大下颚，被命名为坎布伦蛇，长期以来一直引起脊椎动物古生物学家的兴趣。它会是最古老的大型兽脚亚目恐龙吗？在这里，我们重新分析标本基于一个新的三维数字重建。我们首先确认它确实是最新的三叠纪，最有可能是从利尔斯托克组的Cotham成员（Penarth Group, Rhaetian）的砂岩中提取的。解剖学上，它显示出兽脚亚目恐龙的特征，而不是三叠纪其他大型非恐龙掠食性始祖龙。它与年龄相仿的欧洲腔骨类动物（如Liliensternus和Dracoraptor）有着共同的特征，但体型要大得多。如前所述，它不是类巨鳄，但目前尚不清楚它是否可能是一种巨鳄或破伤风。它与Dilophosaurus的相似性表明这个左侧下颌骨标本代表了一种更衍生的基底新足类动物，我们将其归为一个新属，称为Newtonsaurus cambrensis。

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引用次数: 0

An assessment of sediment noise modelling on the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay: Implications for aquifer-eustasy 上侏罗统Kimmeridge粘土沉积物噪声模拟的评估：对含水层-游动的影响

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101136

Andrew Davies, Michael D. Simmons

Relative sea-level curves obtained from analysis of the stratigraphic record provide crucial insights into various aspects of the Earth system. In recent years, several studies have employed sediment noise modelling (DYNOT and lag-1 autocorrelation coefficient) of astronomically tuned records to obtain information on changes in water depth and relative sea-level. Many of these studies provide support for aquifer-eustasy by demonstrating an out of phase relationship between relative lake level (from sediment noise modelling) and published eustatic curves. However, few studies have validated the sea/lake level curves derived from sediment noise modelling with independent water depth indicators. Here sediment noise modelling is critically evaluated using data from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the southern UK, where astronomical forcing has previously been demonstrated. Sediment noise modelling-derived water depth records are compared to detrital quartz-silt concentrations, previously shown to be an excellent proxy for relative sea-level changes through correlation with contemporaneous proximal successions. There is minimal correlation between the sediment noise modelling results and the independent quartz-silt record. Consequently, more research is required to demonstrate the validity of sediment noise modelling as a proxy for water depth change in sedimentary successions. This work implies that support for aquifer-eustasy as a primary driver of short-term, moderate magnitude sea-level change from sediment noise modelling studies should be re-evaluated.

通过分析地层记录得到的相对海平面曲线为了解地球系统的各个方面提供了重要的见解。近年来，一些研究利用天文调谐记录的泥沙噪声模型（DYNOT和lag-1自相关系数）来获取水深和相对海平面变化的信息。其中许多研究通过证明相对湖泊水位（来自沉积物噪声模型）与已发表的起伏曲线之间的非相位关系，为含水层-起伏提供了支持。然而，很少有研究验证了由泥沙噪声模拟得到的具有独立水深指标的海/湖平面曲线。在这里，沉积物噪声模型使用来自英国南部的上侏罗统Kimmeridge粘土组的数据进行了严格的评估，在那里以前已经证明了天文强迫。泥沙噪声模型得出的水深记录与碎屑石英-粉砂浓度进行了比较，后者通过与同时期近端序列的相关性，被证明是相对海平面变化的极好代表。泥沙噪声模拟结果与独立的石英-粉砂记录之间的相关性很小。因此，需要更多的研究来证明泥沙噪声模型作为沉积序列中水深变化的代理的有效性。这项工作表明，应该重新评估从沉积物噪声模拟研究中得出的含水层eustasy作为短期中等幅度海平面变化的主要驱动因素的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Stratigraphical and sedimentological insights into the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) Teniet El Klakh Formation, Western Saharan Atlas, Algeria 阿尔及利亚西撒哈拉地图集地区Bajocian（中侏罗世）Teniet El Klakh组地层与沉积学研究

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101143

Madani Benyoucef , Marcin Krajewski , Sixto Rafael Fernández-López , Imad Bouchemla , Fayçal Mekki , Mariusz A. Salamon , Mohammed Adaci , Mohamed Amine Zaidi , Djamel Belloumou

This study, based on lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical analyses, focuses on ammonites, trace fossils, and sedimentary facies of the Bajocian Teniet El Klakh Formation in the Ain Sefra area of the Western Saharan Atlas, Algeria. This formation represents a key Middle Jurassic succession within the Maghrebian Tethys realm, marking the transition from the Liassic carbonate platform and the Upper Jurassic coastal–continental clastic deposits. Field observations, combined with microscopic analyses allowed the recognition of thirteen siliciclastic and carbonate facies types (FT1–FT13), each interpreted in terms of its depositional environment. These facies types are grouped into three main facies associations (FA1–FA3), corresponding to distinct palaeoenvironmental settings: (i) lower shoreface to offshore transition, (ii) storm-dominated upper shoreface, and (iii) shoal. The trace fossils Palaeophycus heberti, Paleodictyon strozzii, Protopaleodictyon cf. submontanum, Zoophycos brianteus, Zoophycos cauda-galli, and Zoophycos villae are reported here for the first time from the Bajocian of the Saharan Atlas. Contrary to earlier interpretations, the newly identified ammonite assemblages indicate a Lower to Upper Bajocian age (Humphriesianum and Niortense zones) for the Teniet El Klakh Formation.

本文在岩石地层和生物地层分析的基础上，对阿尔及利亚西撒哈拉地图集Ain Sefra地区Bajocian Teniet El Klakh组的古石、微量化石和沉积相进行了研究。该地层代表了马格里布-特提斯领域内一个关键的中侏罗世演替，标志着从晚侏罗世碳酸盐岩台地到上侏罗世海岸-大陆碎屑沉积的过渡。现场观察结合显微分析，识别出13种硅岩和碳酸盐相类型（FT1-FT13），并根据沉积环境对每种类型进行了解释。这些相类型分为三个主要相组合（FA1-FA3），对应于不同的古环境背景：(i)下滨面向近海过渡，（ii）风暴主导的上滨面，（iii）浅滩。在撒哈拉地图集的巴约西亚地区，首次报道了heberti、strozzii、submontanum、zotopaleodictyon、brianteus、cauda-galli和Zoophycos villae等化石。与先前的解释相反，新鉴定的菊石组合表明Teniet El Klakh组的下至上巴约西亚时代（Humphriesianum和Niortense带）。

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引用次数: 0

Late Quaternary evolution of a large rock slope deformation (Robinson, English Lake District) – a first such exploration by cosmogenic exposure dating in the British mountains 大型岩石斜坡变形（Robinson, English Lake District）的晚第四纪演化——首次在英国山区进行宇宙成因暴露测年

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101152

Peter Wilson , David Jarman , Maria Miguens-Rodriguez , Derek Fabel

The temporal dynamics of the Robinson rock slope failure (RSF), the largest such feature in the Lake District of northwest England, have been assessed through cosmogenic (¹⁰Be) surface-exposure dating of quartz veins on the headscarp/rupture surface and an upper-mid-slope antiscarp. Movement along the headscarp/rupture surface began during the Lateglacial ~ 15.4–14.3 ka, and movement could have continued, incrementally or episodically, until the mid-Holocene ~ 4.6 ka. Displacement rates for the headscarp/rupture surface averaged over that time are in the range 3–4.5 mm/a. These are the first rates to be reported for an RSF in Britain and Ireland. Ages from the upper-mid-slope antiscarp (~ 8–6.5 ka) indicate early-mid-Holocene movement, although ¹⁰Be inheritance may have aged these samples somewhat. Reasons for RSF activity at Robinson at those times are complex, but probably involved paraglacial stress release augmented by the concentrated erosion of bedrock in a trough below a glacial breach, along with the structural characteristics of the local bedrock. The cosmogenic ages suggest that other RSFs in this area may have a longer history of instability than hitherto thought.

罗宾逊岩质边坡破坏（RSF）的时间动力学是英格兰西北部湖区最大的此类特征，通过对头崖/破裂面和上中坡反崖上的石英脉进行宇宙成因（10Be）地表暴露测年，评估了RSF的时间动力学。在冰川期~ 15.4 ~ 14.3 ka，沿头脊/破裂面开始了运动，运动可能持续到中全新世~ 4.6 ka。在此期间，顶突/破裂面的平均位移率在3-4.5 mm/a范围内。这是英国和爱尔兰首次报道的无国界医生的死亡率。中上斜坡反崖的年龄（~ 8-6.5 ka）显示了早-中全新世的运动，尽管10Be遗传可能使这些样品的年龄有所增加。在那个时期，罗宾逊的RSF活动的原因很复杂，但可能与冰川裂口下方槽中基岩的集中侵蚀以及当地基岩的结构特征有关，从而增加了副冰川应力释放。宇宙形成年龄表明，该地区的其他RSFs可能具有比迄今为止认为的更长的不稳定历史。

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引用次数: 0

Lacrimichnus in a cromyocrinid crinoid from the Upper Carboniferous of Ohio, USA, and its bearing on parasitism of Palaeozoic crinoids 美国俄亥俄州石炭统上石炭统蛇形海百合的寄生特征及其与古生代海百合寄生的关系

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101140

James R. Thomka

The bioerosional ichnogenus Lacrimichnus is herein described from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Ames Limestone Member of the Glenshaw Formation of eastern Ohio, USA, where it occurs in a basal plate belonging to a cromyocrinid cladid crinoid. This trace is generally regarded as a ‘homing scar’ produced by gastropods, including platyceratids, which are frequently parasitic on crinoid hosts. Although North American cromyocrinids are not known to serve as common hosts to platyceratids, this occurrence provides suggestive evidence that a cromyocrinid–platyceratid relationship may have existed in North America, similar to what has been documented elsewhere. The present specimen of Lacrimichnus represents a rare example of this ichnogenus from Pennsylvanian strata, the first from a North American cromyocrinid crinoid, and the first example from an isolated crinoid ossicle. It is recommended that Lacrimichnus be consistently documented and recorded as such instead of ‘platyceratid attachment scars’ or similar phrases.

本文描述了美国俄亥俄州东部格伦肖组的上石炭统（宾夕法尼亚系）艾姆斯石灰石段的生物侵蚀鱼属Lacrimichnus，它生长在一个属于cromyrinid有齿海百合的基板中。这种痕迹通常被认为是腹足类动物产生的“归巢疤痕”，包括经常寄生在海百合寄主上的盘尾虫。虽然我们不知道北美的cromyrinids是platyceratid的共同宿主，但这一事件提供了启发性的证据，表明北美可能存在cromyrinids - platyceratid关系，类似于其他地方记录的情况。目前的Lacrimichnus标本是宾夕法尼亚地层中该鱼属的一个罕见例子，是北美cromyrinid criinoid的第一个例子，也是一个分离的criinoid听骨的第一个例子。建议对泪斑进行一致的记录和记录，而不是“platyceratid attachment scars”或类似的短语。

引用次数: 0

Vertebrate tracks in Pliocene aeolianite deposits of the Wankoe Formation, Western Cape Province, South Africa 南非西开普省Wankoe组上新世风成岩沉积物中的脊椎动物足迹

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101149

Charles W. Helm , Given Banda , Hayley C. Cawthra , Richard M. Cowling , Jan C. De Vynck , Mark G. Dixon , Pieter-Jan Gräbe , Jean A. Malan , Willo M. Stear , Guy H.H. Thesen

Aeolianites of the Wankoe Formation, of Pliocene age, are encountered in the southern Cape of South Africa. Until now, and in contrast with the prevalence of vertebrate tracksites in the coastal Pleistocene Waenhuiskrans Formation, no vertebrate tracks have been identified in the Wankoe Formation. However, our studies indicate that the formation is richly fossiliferous and that vertebrate tracks are commonly encountered in suitable areas, although non-karstified outcrops are in general sparsely distributed. Whilst many of the tracks are only evident in profile, a vertebrate trackway in the Grootbos Private Nature Reserve, for example, comprises five tracks preserved in plan view. Although identification to trackmaker species is not possible, several plausible trackmaker taxa can be postulated. In combination, these tracksites appear to contain the first recorded Pliocene vertebrate tracks described from southern Africa. Pedestalling of tracks has been noted at two sites, suggesting that this unusual form of track preservation could be sought elsewhere in Wankoe Formation deposits. A dedicated search, focusing on areas with substantial cliff exposures, should yield further discoveries.

在南非南开普发现了上新世时代的Wankoe组风成岩。到目前为止，与沿海更新世Waenhuiskrans组普遍存在的脊椎动物足迹相反，Wankoe组没有发现脊椎动物足迹。然而，我们的研究表明，尽管非岩溶化露头一般分布稀疏，但在合适的地区，地层中化石丰富，脊椎动物足迹普遍存在。例如，在Grootbos私人自然保护区，有一条脊椎动物小径，其中包括5条保存在平面图上的小径。虽然无法确定其种类，但可以推测出几个似是而非的足迹分类群。综合起来，这些足迹似乎包含了非洲南部首次记录的上新世脊椎动物足迹。在两个地点发现了轨道基座，这表明这种不寻常的轨道保存形式可以在Wankoe组沉积物的其他地方找到。一个专门的搜索，集中在有大量悬崖暴露的地区，应该会有进一步的发现。

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引用次数: 0

New species of Stellularis (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Procercopidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in northeastern China 标题中国东北下白垩统九佛塘组星蛾新种（半翅目：蝉形目：原蝎科）

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101138

Yannan Lü, Xiaoxue Du, Leidan Ning, Qianqi Zhang

Three new procercopid species, Stellularis bifurcata Ning & Zhang sp. nov., Stellularis latimaculata Du & Zhang sp. nov. and Stellularis pulchra Lü & Zhang sp. nov., are established from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Kazuo County, western Liaoning Province, NE China. The two-branched vein M in S. bifurcata sp. nov., the unique patches in S. latimaculata sp. nov. and the two-branched vein CuA₁ in S. pulchra sp. nov. constitute the diagnostic features of each species separately. The new species augment the diversity of genus Stellularis Chen D., Yao & Ren, 2015 and S. bifurcata sp. nov. is the longest known tegmen in the genus Stellularis.

在辽西卡左县下白垩统九福塘组发现了三种原足类新种，即双歧星aris Ning &； Zhang sp. nov、latimaculata Du & Zhang sp. nov和pulchra Stellularis Lü &； Zhang sp. nov。two-branched静脉M s bifurcata sp. 11月,在美国独特的补丁latimaculata sp. 11月和美国two-branched静脉CuA1 pulchra sp. 11月分别构成每个物种的诊断特征。Chen D., Yao & Ren, 2015， S. bifurcata sp. 11 .是目前已知最长的被盖星属植物。

引用次数: 0

Petrogenesis of lava from Saka (Guercif, Morocco): Source characterization and magma evolution 摩洛哥Saka （Guercif）熔岩成因：来源特征及岩浆演化

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101151

Abdallah Elaaraj , Maham Eboubekrine Sedigh , Ali Lhachmi , Hassan Tabyaoui , Abdennabi Alitane , Massimo Tiepolo , Iliass Naouadir

The Plio-Quaternary volcanism of Saka, located in the Guercif region in northeastern Morocco, holds significant geological interest in the study of mantle-derived magma and magmatic differentiation processes. Its historical activity has been mainly effusive, producing a variety of volcanic rocks ranging from ultrabasic to acidic compositions. In this study, around forty samples were collected, prepared as polished thin sections, and analyzed under a petrographic microscope. Twelve representative samples were selected for major and trace element analyses, carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with laser ablation. The volcanic rocks of Saka are primarily composed of basanite, basalt, trachy-andesite, and trachyte, forming a strongly differentiated alkaline series evolving from alkaline basalts to trachytes. Geochemical analyses reveal enrichment in SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, and K₂O, and depletion in MgO and CaO, indicating a process of assimilation and fractional crystallization. A good correlation is observed between certain trace elements (U, Nb, Ta, La, Zr, Hf, Yb, Rb, Y) and the differentiation index. The Saka lavas are mantle-derived and exhibit characteristics like ocean island basalts (OIBs) with HIMU (high μ, μ = ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb) signatures. Geotectonically, Saka volcanism developed in an intraplate extensional setting, classified as Within-Plate Basalt (WPB) and Within-Plate Volcanic Zone (WPVZ), likely related to lithospheric thinning and subduction rollback in the Alboran region, favouring mantle decompression and magma ascent along pre-existing faults.

Saka上第四纪火山活动位于摩洛哥东北部的Guercif地区，对幔源岩浆和岩浆分异过程的研究具有重要的地质意义。它的历史活动主要是喷涌，产生了各种各样的火山岩，从超基性到酸性成分。在这项研究中，收集了大约40个样品，制作了抛光的薄片，并在岩石显微镜下进行了分析。选取12个代表性样品，采用激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）进行主元素和微量元素分析。萨卡火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武岩、粗面安山岩和粗面岩组成，形成了由碱性玄武岩向粗面岩演化的强分化碱性系列。地球化学分析显示SiO2、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、K₂O富集，MgO、CaO亏缺，表明其存在同化和分晶过程。微量元素（U、Nb、Ta、La、Zr、Hf、Yb、Rb、Y）与分化指数有较好的相关性。Saka火山岩为幔源火山岩，具有海岛玄武岩（oib）特征，具有高μ （μ = 238U/204Pb）特征。从大地构造上看，Saka火山活动发育于板块内伸展环境，划分为板块内玄武岩（WPB）和板块内火山岩带（WPVZ），可能与阿尔伯伦地区岩石圈减薄和俯冲回退有关，有利于地幔减压和岩浆沿原有断裂上升。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of karst factors and paleoenvironmental significance of endo- and exokarst landforms in the Middle Atlas of Morocco 摩洛哥中地图集内、外岩溶地貌岩溶因子及古环境意义分析

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Proceedings of the Geologists Association

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101137

Iliass Naouadir , Samira Adil , El Hassane Chellai , Mohammed Ettaki , Abdallah Elaaraj , Abdennabi Alitane , Mario Parise , Márton Veress

The El Menzel Causse, located in the northern Middle Atlas, showcases a remarkable yet largely underexplored karstic geodiversity. The richness and uniqueness of this region, particularly its exokarstic and endokarstic features, as well as its position at the boundary between the Tabular and Folded Middle Atlas, motivated our study. This research marks the first comprehensive analysis of the genesis and evolution of both endokarstic and exokarstic forms within the Middle Atlas. The observed karstic features, such as lapies, poljes, uvalas, caves, dry valleys, and karst springs, illustrate a wide morphological diversity. By combining field surveys, petrographic analysis, and advanced techniques such as satellite data, we conducted a detailed study of karstic processes and the factors influencing karstogenesis. Our results in the Middle Atlas highlight the complexity and interdependence of the factors involved, including climatic, pedological, lithological, stratigraphic, petrographic, morphostructural, hydrological, paleogeographic, and geodynamic elements. The convergence of these factors has led to a diverse array of karstic forms, shaping the distinct landscape of the Middle Atlas. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary study offers new insights into the mechanisms of karstic geodiversity in the region. Our findings provide valuable perspectives not only for understanding the karsts of the Moroccan Atlas but also for other similar orogenic belts, such as the Alps, underscoring the importance of continued research in this field.

El Menzel Causse位于阿特拉斯中部北部，展示了一个非凡的，但在很大程度上未被开发的岩溶地质多样性。该地区的丰富性和独特性，特别是其外岩溶和内岩溶的特征，以及其在中地图集和折叠地图集之间的位置，促使我们进行研究。这项研究首次全面分析了中阿特拉斯地区内岩溶和外岩溶形式的成因和演化。观察到的岩溶特征，如青玉、水柱、洞、干谷和岩溶泉，说明了广泛的形态多样性。结合野外调查、岩石学分析和卫星资料等先进技术，对岩溶过程及影响岩溶形成的因素进行了详细研究。我们在中阿特拉斯的结果突出了所涉及因素的复杂性和相互依赖性，包括气候、土壤学、岩性、地层、岩石学、形态构造、水文、古地理和地球动力学因素。这些因素的融合导致了喀斯特形式的多样化，塑造了中阿特拉斯独特的景观。综上所述，该多学科研究为该地区岩溶地质多样性的形成机制提供了新的认识。我们的发现不仅为了解摩洛哥阿特拉斯的岩溶提供了有价值的视角，也为其他类似的造山带，如阿尔卑斯山，提供了有价值的视角，强调了在这一领域继续研究的重要性。

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引用次数: 0