Associations between comfort eating and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. adults

IF 1.9 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Human Nutrition and Metabolism Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200212
David J. Ederer , Seung Hee Lee , Brook Belay , Kerri Boutelle , Sohyun Park
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Abstract

Objective

To examine associations between comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. adults.

Design

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting

The 2021 SummerStyles survey data.

Subjects

U.S. adults (≥18 years; N = 4068).

Measures

The outcome was reported weight changes since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic with four responses: lost weight, weight remained the same, gained weight, and don't know. The exposure variable was frequency of comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress during the past year with three responses: never/rarely, sometimes, or often/always.

Analysis

We used chi-square analysis to examine the independence of survey variables related to weight changes, and comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we used a multinomial logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios for weight changes by comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress frequency.

Results

Overall, 20.1% of adults reported losing weight, 39.9% remained about the same weight, 30.4% gained weight, and 9.4% did not know about their weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress was reported by over 33% of participants (often/always = 8.3%; sometimes = 25.3%). Weight change and comfort eating during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly varied by sociodemographic factors. Respondents that sometimes or often/always reported taking comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress were more likely to report losing weight (Adjusted Odds Ratio ranges: 1.62–2.99) or gaining weight (Adjusted Odds Ratio ranges: 3.10–4.61) than those who never/rarely took comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress.

Conclusions

Taking comfort by eating when stressed/lonely was significantly associated with reported weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Weight changes may lead to additional health complications. Implementing evidence-based strategies to reduce loneliness or stress and support healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic may benefit weight management and future well-being.

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美国成年人在COVID-19大流行期间舒适饮食与体重变化之间的关系
目的研究美国成年人在COVID-19大流行期间应对孤独或压力的安慰性饮食与体重变化之间的关系。设计定量、横断面研究。设置2021年夏季风格调查数据。成人(≥18岁;n = 4068)。结果是自COVID-19大流行开始以来报告的体重变化,有四种反应:体重减轻、体重保持不变、体重增加和不知道。暴露变量是在过去一年中因孤独或压力而吃安慰性食物的频率,有三种反应:从不/很少,有时,经常/总是。分析我们使用卡方分析来检验与体重变化相关的调查变量的独立性,以及在COVID-19大流行期间应对孤独或压力的安慰性饮食。接下来,我们使用多项逻辑回归来估计安慰饮食对孤独或压力频率的体重变化的调整优势比。结果总体而言,20.1%的成年人报告体重减轻,39.9%的人体重保持不变,30.4%的人体重增加,9.4%的人不知道自己在新冠肺炎大流行期间的体重变化。超过33%的参与者(经常/总是= 8.3%;有时= 25.3%)。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,体重变化和舒适饮食因社会人口因素而有很大差异。有时或经常/总是报告通过饮食来缓解孤独或压力的受访者比那些从未/很少通过饮食来缓解孤独或压力的受访者更有可能报告体重减轻(调整优势比范围:1.62-2.99)或体重增加(调整优势比范围:3.10-4.61)。结论在COVID-19大流行期间,压力/孤独时通过进食来获得安慰与报告的体重变化显著相关。体重变化可能导致额外的健康并发症。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,实施以证据为基础的战略,减少孤独感或压力,支持健康饮食,可能有利于体重管理和未来的福祉。
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来源期刊
Human Nutrition and Metabolism
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
审稿时长
188 days
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