Different degrees of skill obsolescence across hard and soft skills and the role of lifelong learning for labor market outcomes

IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI:10.1111/irel.12325
Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner
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Abstract

This paper examines the role of lifelong learning in counteracting skill depreciation and obsolescence. We differentiate between occupations with more hard skills versus more soft skills and draw on representative job advertisement data that contain machine-learning categorized skill requirements and cover the Swiss job market in great detail across occupations (from 1950 to 2019). We examine lifelong learning effects for “harder” versus “softer” occupations, thereby analyzing the role of training in counteracting skill depreciation in occupations that are differently affected by skill depreciation. Our results reveal novel empirical patterns regarding the benefits of lifelong learning, which are consistent with theoretical explanations based on structurally different skill depreciation rates: In harder occupations, with large shares of fast-depreciating hard skills, the role of lifelong learning is primarily as a hedge against unemployment risks rather than a boost to wages. By contrast, in softer occupations, in which workers build on more value-stable soft-skill foundations, the role of lifelong learning instead lies mostly in acting as a boost for upward career mobility and leads to larger wage gains.

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硬技能和软技能的不同程度的技能过时以及终身学习对劳动力市场结果的作用
本文探讨了终身学习在抵消技能贬值和过时方面的作用。我们区分了硬技能更强和软技能更强的职业,并利用了具有代表性的招聘广告数据,这些数据包含机器学习分类的技能要求,并非常详细地涵盖了瑞士各职业的就业市场(1950年至2019年)。我们研究了“较难”和“较软”职业的终身学习效果,从而分析了在受技能贬值影响不同的职业中,培训在抵消技能贬值方面的作用。我们的研究结果揭示了关于终身学习好处的新的经验模式,这与基于结构不同的技能贬值率的理论解释一致:在硬技能快速贬值的高难度职业中,终身学习的作用主要是对冲失业风险,而不是提高工资。相比之下,在较软的职业中,工人建立在价值更稳定的软技能基础上,终身学习的作用主要在于促进职业向上流动,并带来更大的工资增长。
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来源期刊
Industrial Relations
Industrial Relations INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
8.70%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: Corporate restructuring and downsizing, the changing employment relationship in union and nonunion settings, high performance work systems, the demographics of the workplace, and the impact of globalization on national labor markets - these are just some of the major issues covered in Industrial Relations. The journal offers an invaluable international perspective on economic, sociological, psychological, political, historical, and legal developments in labor and employment. It is the only journal in its field with this multidisciplinary focus on the implications of change for business, government and workers.
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