Organic management and soil health promote nutrient use efficiency

Abstract

Introduction

Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plants. Often less than 50% of the applied nitrogen fertilisers is acquired by crops and nitrogen can be easily lost into the environment causing environmental pollution. Thus, to make agriculture more sustainable, it is important to investigate which factors determine nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We investigated whether NUE was higher in organically managed soils compared to conventionally managed soils.

Materials and Methods

To test this, we carried out a pot experiment in a greenhouse using soils from 16 fields. The soils were collected from conventionally (eight fields) or organically managed fields (eight fields). In addition, plants received two different ¹⁵N enriched N sources (mineral ¹⁵N or an organic fertiliser source, namely ¹⁵N enriched plant litter). Plants were harvested at three time points, and growth and nitrogen uptake were assessed at each time point.

Results

NUE depended on management type and harvest time and the higher NUE of organically managed soils became more evident towards the second and third harvest. The average NUE at the end of the experiment was 93% and 55% for mineral fertiliser and litter application, respectively. This indicated that mineral fertilisers were immediately acquired by the plants, while nutrients in organic amendments had a lower availability and probably would be supplied later but steadier. Further, NUE was positively linked to microbial biomass, soil organic carbon content, and aggregate size, indicating that enhanced soil quality and soil health leads to a more efficient use of fertilisers.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that organic management and soil health promote a more efficient use of nutrients and contribute to a more sustainable agriculture.