Revisiting the relationship between age, employment, and recidivism

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Criminology Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI:10.1111/1745-9125.12338
Holly Nguyen, Kyle J. Thomas, Jennifer J. Tostlebe
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Abstract

Employment theoretically serves as a source of informal social control that can promote desistance from crime (Sampson & Laub, 1993). Findings from studies assessing the effects of employment, however, have been mixed. In a seminal study, Uggen (2000) reanalyzed data from the National Supported Work (NSW) Demonstration Project and found that employment significantly reduced the rate of recidivism among individuals aged 27 and older but had no impact on younger individuals. We reproduce and replicate Uggen's (2000) findings with data from four distinct employment programs: The National Supported Work Program (1975–1979), the Transitional Aid Research Project (1976–1977), the Employment Services for Ex-Offenders (1981–1984), and the Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Center for Employment Opportunities (2004–2008). We closely reproduced Uggen's original findings in the NSW but found evidence that the statistically significant interaction between age and employment in the NSW was only present at the year 3 follow-up and the observed effect is highly sensitive to minor threats to internal validity. Furthermore, a significant age–employment interaction was not observed in the three other data sources. These findings should encourage scholars to continue to investigate the age-graded nature of employment and crime, especially through a sociohistorical lens.

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重新审视年龄、就业和累犯之间的关系
从理论上讲,就业是非正式社会控制的来源,可以促进对犯罪的抑制(Sampson&;Laub,1993)。然而,评估就业影响的研究结果喜忧参半。在一项开创性的研究中,Uggen(2000)重新分析了国家支持工作(NSW)示范项目的数据,发现就业显著降低了27岁及以上个人的再犯率,但对年轻人没有影响。我们用四个不同就业项目的数据复制和复制了Uggen(2000)的研究结果:国家支持工作计划(1975–1979)、过渡援助研究项目(1976–1977)、前科犯就业服务(1981–1984)和难以就业中心就业机会强化服务(2004–2008)。我们仔细复制了Uggen在新南威尔士州的原始发现,但发现有证据表明,新南威尔士州年龄和就业之间的统计显著交互作用仅在第3年的随访中出现,观察到的影响对内部有效性的轻微威胁高度敏感。此外,在其他三个数据来源中没有观察到显著的年龄-就业互动。这些发现应该鼓励学者继续调查就业和犯罪的年龄分级性质,特别是从社会历史的角度。
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来源期刊
Criminology
Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Criminology is devoted to crime and deviant behavior. Disciplines covered in Criminology include: - sociology - psychology - design - systems analysis - decision theory Major emphasis is placed on empirical research and scientific methodology. Criminology"s content also includes articles which review the literature or deal with theoretical issues stated in the literature as well as suggestions for the types of investigation which might be carried out in the future.
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