Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Criminology Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI:10.1111/1745-9125.12344
Benjamin W. Fisher, Alex O. Widdowson
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Abstract

A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this process even though critical race theory suggests the consequences of suspension likely differ across racial/ethnic groups due to prevailing racial/ethnic stereotypes. This study uses six waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (N = 8,634) to examine how the relationship between suspension and subsequent arrest differs for White, Black, and Hispanic students. Using a series of within-person analyses that control for time-stable personal characteristics, this study finds that suspension amplifies Black and Hispanic students’ risk of arrest relative to that of White students. White students’ risk of arrest was not amplified by suspension and, in some models, was diminished. This study's findings underscore the importance of understanding the labeling process as different by race/ethnicity and indicate that suspension is particularly harmful for Black and Hispanic relative to White students.

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因逮捕而停课后果中的种族和族裔差异
越来越多的文献表明,当学校停课时,停课并不是一种威慑,而是未来惩罚的放大器。标签理论已经成为对这一现象的主要解释,表明象征性标签与悬浮物一起塑造了其他人对被标签学生的感知和反应。然而,很少有研究关注这一过程中的种族/民族差异,尽管批判性种族理论表明,由于普遍存在的种族/族裔刻板印象,不同种族/族裔群体的停职后果可能不同。这项研究使用了1997年全国青年纵向研究的六波数据(N=8634)来研究白人、黑人和西班牙裔学生的停学和随后被捕之间的关系有何不同。通过一系列控制时间稳定的个人特征的人内分析,本研究发现,与白人学生相比,停课会增加黑人和西班牙裔学生被捕的风险。白人学生被捕的风险并没有因为停课而增加,在某些模型中,被捕的风险有所降低。这项研究的发现强调了理解不同种族/民族的标签过程的重要性,并表明相对于白人学生,停课对黑人和西班牙裔学生尤其有害。
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来源期刊
Criminology
Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Criminology is devoted to crime and deviant behavior. Disciplines covered in Criminology include: - sociology - psychology - design - systems analysis - decision theory Major emphasis is placed on empirical research and scientific methodology. Criminology"s content also includes articles which review the literature or deal with theoretical issues stated in the literature as well as suggestions for the types of investigation which might be carried out in the future.
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