Carbon nanoparticle-based COVID-19 biosensors

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new emerged contagious human-to-human infection that broke out in early December 2019, threatens global public health and causing widespread concern. The high lethality and transmission power of this virus introduce it as a dangerous factor and multiplies the importance of its rapid diagnosis. Tests like computerized tomography (CT) scan, and poly-chain reaction (PCR), were very popular at the beginning of the pandemic, But over time, taking into account the high rate of transmission of the disease, the need for fast and cost-effective diagnostic tests with significant sensitivity and specificity such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow assay (LFA), and biosensor was felt more. In this context, there is a global interest in the feasibility of employing nano-biosensors, especially those using carbon and its derivatives as a key material, for the real-time virus detection. The exceptional properties of carbon and the outstanding performance of nano-biosensors in identifying various viruses prompted a feasibility check on this technology. In this article, we have tried to introduce several carbon-based nano biosensors with various limits of detection (LOD) and different characteristics that have been used in identifying and limiting the spread of Covid-19.