Electrochemical sensor of carboxymethyl cellulose and photocatalytic degradation of Navy Blue dye by sonochemically synthesized Titanium oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanocrystalline titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were synthesized by using a low-cost sonochemical method. TiO₂ NPs exhibited anatase phase and an average crystallite size of 40.64 ​nm, according to a powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) investigation. SEM and TEM images revealed spherical shape, with asymmetric geometries for TiO₂ NPs. The micrographs thoroughly corroborated the plate-like structure for the NPs. In order to confirm the average energy gap of TiO₂ NPs, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) via Kubelka-Monk function was applied (3.66 ​eV). Navy blue dye was used to study the photocatalytic properties of NPs and discovered to be triggered at 590.9 ​nm. The photodegradation rate of NB dye decolorized up to 74.04% after 120 ​min of UV light exposure. The first order kinetics was indicated by a linear relationship between log C/Co and k. The demonstrated rates of photodecoloration for NB under UV light in the presence of scavengers AgNO₃, ethanol, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), were found to be 65.50%, 61.46%, and 57.33%, respectively. Using the carbon paste electrodes and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 ​N HCl solution, the electrochemical characteristics of the obtained sample were studied. The carboxymethyl cellulose sensor made from TiO₂ NPs demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of 0.08 A. The results showed a high recovery for lead with low% of RSD values. The TiO₂ electrode is a promising electrode material for sensing applications due to its outstanding electrochemical performance.