Examining the cognitive contributors to violence risk in forensic samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Aggression and Violent Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.avb.2023.101887
Sarah Janes , Lindsey Gilling McIntosh , Suzanne O'Rourke , Matthias Schwannauer
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Abstract

A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to quantitatively summarise the association between measures of cognitive abilities (e.g., neuropsychological and clinical measures, and risk assessments with a cognitive component) and violent outcomes. After acknowledging that existing reviews in this area have largely focused on executive functions and specific diagnostic groups only, the review adopted a broader approach, first examining factors which differentiate violent from non-violent offenders (part one), followed by separately analysing the neuropsychological correlates of violence (part two). Forty-two studies were included in the analyses, and 12 individual neuropsychological domains were examined in part one, and five in part two. The findings from this study revealed a large range of effect sizes with wide confidence intervals, highlighting significant heterogeneity due to methodological differences between studies, calling for a consensus to be reached on the neuropsychological risk factors which are most relevant to violence risk, to bring more focus and specificity to the literature. Measures of impulsivity, inattention, and lack of insight boasted significant correlations with prospectively measured violent outcomes, revealing their potential to add a small amount of incremental validity to existing risk assessments.

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检验法医样本中暴力风险的认知因素:系统综述和荟萃分析
进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析,以定量总结认知能力测量(如神经心理学和临床测量,以及带有认知成分的风险评估)与暴力结果之间的关系。在承认这一领域的现有审查主要侧重于执行职能和特定诊断群体之后,审查采取了更广泛的方法,首先审查区分暴力罪犯和非暴力罪犯的因素(第一部分),然后分别分析暴力的神经心理学相关性(第二部分)。分析中包括42项研究,第一部分检查了12个个体神经心理学领域,第二部分检查了5个。这项研究的发现揭示了具有宽置信区间的大范围效应大小,突显了由于研究之间的方法差异而产生的显著异质性,呼吁就与暴力风险最相关的神经心理风险因素达成共识,以使文献更加关注和特异性。冲动、注意力不集中和缺乏洞察力的测量与前瞻性测量的暴力结果具有显著相关性,揭示了它们为现有风险评估增加少量增量有效性的潜力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: Aggression and Violent Behavior, A Review Journal is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes substantive and integrative reviews, as well as summary reports of innovative ongoing clinical research programs on a wide range of topics germane to the field of aggression and violent behavior. Papers encompass a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including homicide (serial, spree, and mass murder: sexual homicide), sexual deviance and assault (rape, serial rape, child molestation, paraphilias), child and youth violence (firesetting, gang violence, juvenile sexual offending), family violence (child physical and sexual abuse, child neglect, incest, spouse and elder abuse), genetic predispositions, and the physiological basis of aggression.
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