Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

Aggression towards others produces great physical, emotional, and economic burden. An extensive body of research identifies risk factors related to aggression that span biological and environmental factors. However, much of that work identifies risk factors in isolation (or among only a few other risk factors) even though the development of aggression is a complex phenomenon involving interactions among risk and protective factors across time and across levels of analysis. The goal of this piece is to identify themes in the literature to articulate five practical steps needed to advance the science of biosocial transactions related to the development and maintenance of aggression in children and young people. Specifically, we highlight key biological (brain, genes) and psychosocial (parenting, peers) domains in aggression research as we comment on ways to improve the measurement of and quantitative methods in the study of neurocognitive process and environments related to aggression. We also discuss the science of intervention within a transactional model, highlighting the need for the science of behavior change to develop from a mechanistic framework. Our understanding of aggression is poised for transformation. We are in a position to integrate biosocial insights in ways that allow us to specify mechanisms and better understand transactional relationships that inform how and why some children grow up to display aggression.

Preliminary evidence points to the value of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data in identifying locations of drug activity, violence, and disorder in communities. A critical review conducted in 2016 by Taylor and colleagues determined that ambulance data are a unique supplement in understanding community violence, particularly with respect to violent crime locations. Since 2016, several additional studies that use EMS data to understand crime hot spots of violence as well as drug activity have been published. This systematic review is an effort to update what is known about the use of EMS data in diagnosing and understanding micro-places concentrated with drug activity or violence. Overall, we identify 21 studies that utilize EMS data to identify micro-place concentrations of drug or violence, 12 of which also look at the extent to which these concentrations overlap with other data sources, primarily police data. We conclude EMS data should be considered by agencies and researchers when identifying micro-place concentrations for the prevention and reduction of drug and violence issues.

Aggression is an umbrella term referring to behaviors intended to harm others. However, aggressive behaviors vary in terms of forms (i.e., physical, verbal) and functions (i.e., proactive, reactive). Recent findings suggest that both motives and forms may be associated with distinct brain structures. However, no studies have meta-analytically summarized their commonalities and differences. A systematic search strategy was conducted up to May 1st 2023 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Image was used to meta-analyze voxel-based morphometry studies. Exploratory analyses on meta-analytic findings were conducted to identify their associated mental functions and examine their degree of overlap with brain lesion associated with aggression. A total of 92 experiments were included in the meta-analysis (N=2593, mean age=26.2, 68.5% males). General aggression was characterized by reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Reactive aggression was associated with reduced GMV in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex, and bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and proactive aggression with greater GMV in the ventral caudate. Co-activation brain networks of these morphological correlates further distinguished reactive and proactive into socio-affective/somatosensory and motivational processes, respectively. We also found that the medial prefrontal cortex cluster of general aggression was a primary site in which focal brain lesion may increase the risk for aggression. The current study highlight that functions of aggression are associated with distinct abnormalities in grey matter volume. These findings add to the growing body of literature suggesting potentially distinct aetiologies between aggression motives.