Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

External workplace violence towards police officers: A scoping review

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102036

Tamara Pritz, Shihning Chou

Existing research on public violence against the police is limited. This scoping review aimed to offer an overview of the characteristics and the findings of existing primary research, identifying methodological and knowledge gaps to inform future research. It followed Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidelines, with a protocol established before the review started. Relevant citations were searched and screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of the included publications were charted with a pre-defined template and then synthesized narratively.

The initial de-duplicated electronic searches returned 796 citations. An additional 29 relevant citations were found through hand searching. Overall, 62 publications met the inclusion criteria. Areas covered included characteristics of victimized officers, perpetrators, and situations; impacts on officers and organizations; comparisons with other occupations; socio-political factors; and methodologies used. It was found that police officers face various forms of external workplace violence, including verbal abuse, threats, and physical violence, sometimes fatal. Most victim officers were younger males, with higher levels of victimization involving minor physical violence and verbal threats. Despite some common findings on situational and environmental correlates, there is no definitive profile of individuals who assault police officers or consistent predictors for serious violence. Research mostly used quantitative secondary analyses of organizational and government databases with limited primary research found. Research focused more on the extent and the correlates of external workplace violence than impacts, interventions, or prevention. Increased use of mixed-methods and qualitative research is suggested to better understand the phenomenon and develop appropriate prevention and welfare programs.

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引用次数: 0

The dark sides of the brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies on trait aggression

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102035

Jules R. Dugré , Christian J. Hopfer , Drew E. Winters

Aggression is a worldwide issue that has significant consequences for both the victims and societies. However, aggression may vary in its underlying motivation (i.e., reactive versus proactive) and the forms in which it occurs (i.e., physical versus verbal). Yet, functional brain correlates differentiating these types remains largely unknown. A systematic search was conducted up to May 1st 2023, using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to identify relevant functional neuroimaging studies that included measures of General Aggression, Reactive Aggression, Proactive Aggression, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression. Coordinate-based meta-analysis was conducted using both spatial convergence (ALE) and effect-size (SDM-PSI) approaches. Sixty-seven functional neuroimaging studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed similar yet distinct neural correlates for General Aggression (i.e., Amygdala, Precuneus, Intraparietal Sulcus, Angular and Middle Temporal Gyri), Reactive Aggression (i.e., Amygdala, Periaqueductal Grey, Posterior Insula, & Central Opercular Cortex), Proactive Aggression (i.e., Septal Area, & Amygdala), Physical Aggression (i.e., Dorsal Premotor Cortex, Dorsal Caudate, & Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex), and Verbal (i.e., Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex). Exploratory analyses revealed the importance of affective, cognitive and social cognition processes as well as serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic systems in the neural underpinnings of aggressive behaviors. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the types of aggression (i.e., motivation and forms) within a transdiagnostic framework. Therefore, characterizing the neurobiological substrates of aggression may expand our search for targeted neuromodulation and pharmacological treatments.

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality interventions for aggression, anger and impulsiveness: A multilevel meta-analysis

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102034

David Roncero, Román D. Moreno-Fernández, Álvaro Fernández-Moreno

Interventions based on Virtual Reality (VR) appear to be a promising option for the treatment of aggression, enabling the creation of immersive simulations for individuals to learn and practice strategies in a controlled and supervised environment.

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of VR interventions in reducing anger, aggression and impulsiveness. A systematic search produced eleven valid articles for a meta-analysis consisting of a total sample of 479 participants aged 26.37 ± 18.5, of whom 88.1 % were men.

The study found a statistically significant reduction in observer reported aggression (g = −0.27; p = 0.029), self-reported aggression (g = −0.47; p < 0.001), anger (g = −0.74; p = 0.005) and impulsiveness (g = −0.47; p < 0.001). Regarding the possible improvement over conventional therapies or waiting list control groups, the weighted mean difference analysis revealed a significant overall effect favouring VR intervention over the control groups (g = −1.05; p = 0.003), although specific analysis for the different outcomes could not be conducted due to the limited number of studies reporting control group data.

These results suggest that the use of VR can be effective in reducing aggression, anger and impulsiveness. Differences in effectiveness may be partially explained by the heterogeneity of the interventions and study samples. The possible biases of the selected studies and the limitations of the meta-analysis itself are considered. Future research may use these findings to optimise the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions using VR.

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引用次数: 0

Editors' introduction 编者简介：关于犯罪、暴力和地方的特刊

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102033

David Weisburd , Beidi Dong

引用次数: 0

The school bullying research program: How it has developed, 1976-2020

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102032

Robert Slonje, Peter K. Smith, Susanne Robinson

Several bibliometric analyses have commented on the rapid growth of research on bullying, and especially school bullying, over recent decades. There is now an international research effort, which might be called a research program, with several articles appearing on a daily basis. We review the previous bibliometric studies on school bullying and cyberbullying, which have mainly used the Web of Science database. To examine the content of research articles on bullying, we report an extension of previous research (Smith et al. 2021) to an examination of randomly selected samples of 100 journal articles relevant to school bullying over each of four time periods: 1976–95, 1996–2005, 2006–2015 and 2016–2020. Besides the number and country/continent of authors, and proportion of cross-country studies, we report on the type of article. For empirical articles, we report on the type of study (cross-sectional, longitudinal), type of data (quantitative, qualitative), source of data (e.g., self-reports, peer-reports, teacher nominations), main data focus (definitions/methodology, prevalence, correlates, attitudes, coping, cross-national), different types of bullying, various peer roles (bully, victim, bystanders etc.), differences in bullying (age, gender, ethnicity, disability), prejudice-based bullying, correlates of roles (e.g., individual, family, school, societal factors), peer roles, significant others, and interventions. We summarise what this analysis tells us about the development and focus of this research program, and some challenges the program faces in the future.

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引用次数: 0

Primary prevention of harmful sexual behaviors by children and young people: A systematic review and narrative synthesis 儿童和青少年有害性行为的初级预防：系统回顾和叙述综合

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.102022

Douglas Hugh Russell , Sebastian Trew , Rhiannon Smith , Daryl John Higgins , Kerryann Walsh

From a public health perspective, strategies for addressing children's harmful sexual behaviors often focus on secondary or tertiary prevention rather than primary prevention. Prevention efforts have also typically focused on preventing victimization by adults; yet a high proportion of child sexual abuse is perpetrated by other children and young people. We systematically reviewed the research on primary prevention strategies for harmful sexual behaviors in children and young people. We searched 6 databases, extracted data relating to program setting and focus, participant demographics, outcomes measured, and program success., We conducted a narrative synthesis in line with the SwiM guidelines (Popay et al., c2006), and conducted individual quality assessments of the included studies. 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. Primary prevention strategies were typically implemented in schools with primary/elementary, middle, and high school aged students. All programs included harmful sexual behavior within broader abuse prevention programs. Program effects were mixed. Primary-level prevention of harmful sexual behavior is typically addressed through broader sexual violence prevention programs. Around three-quarters of studies evaluating program efficacy found improvements in the outcomes measured, including some behavioral outcomes. Important to program success was who facilitated the program, as well as students' feeling of school connections. We found no evaluations of programs aimed at reducing harmful sexual behavior perpetrated online. Important new directions in program development will be to: (i) address the needs of younger children, as well as youth with disabilities, neurocognitive differences, and who are gender or sexually diverse; (ii) introduce and reinforce the concept that sexual behaviors exist on a continuum from healthy to harmful, providing clear examples; (iii) focus on both preventing perpetration and victimization; (iv) address strategies to support safe environments—in homes, organizations, communities, and online; and (e) identify essential elements for successful harmful sexual behavior prevention and align prevention programs with these features.

从公共卫生的角度来看，处理儿童有害性行为的战略往往侧重于二级或三级预防，而不是初级预防。预防工作通常也侧重于防止成年人受害；然而，儿童性侵的很大一部分是由其他儿童和年轻人实施的。我们系统地回顾了儿童和青少年有害性行为的一级预防策略的研究。我们检索了6个数据库，提取了与项目设置和重点、参与者人口统计、测量结果和项目成功相关的数据。我们按照SwiM指南（Popay et al., c2006）进行了叙述性综合，并对纳入的研究进行了个体质量评估。20项研究符合我们的纳入标准。初级预防策略通常在有小学/小学、初中和高中学生的学校实施。所有的项目都将有害的性行为纳入更广泛的虐待预防项目。项目效果好坏参半。有害性行为的初级预防通常是通过更广泛的性暴力预防方案来解决的。大约四分之三评估项目效果的研究发现，测量结果有所改善，包括一些行为结果。项目成功的重要因素是谁促成了这个项目，以及学生对学校联系的感觉。我们没有发现任何旨在减少网上有害性行为的评估。项目发展的重要新方向将是：(i)解决年幼儿童的需求，以及残疾、神经认知差异和性别或性多样化的青年；（二）介绍和强化性行为存在从健康到有害的连续统一体的概念，并提供明确的例子；注重预防犯罪和受害；（iv）提出支持安全环境的战略——在家庭、组织、社区和网上；(e)确定成功预防有害性行为的基本要素，并使预防项目与这些特征相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Executive functions and aggression in “hot” and “cold” contexts: Two meta-analyses “热”与“冷”情境下的执行功能与攻击性：两项元分析

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.102024

Olivia Choy , Gary Tan , Josanne D.M. van Dongen

Although executive function (EF) deficits have been documented to be a risk factor for aggressive behavior, little is known about the hot and cold components of these cognitive processes and their links with reactive and proactive aggression. Two meta-analyses were conducted on studies that included a performance-based measure of EF and a measure of reactive aggression (37 independent samples; n = 5427) or proactive aggression (16 independent samples; n = 4243). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were also performed. Reduced EF was more strongly associated with reactive (g = −0.45) than proactive aggression (g = −0.14), with the majority of studies assessing EF in cold contexts. Moderation analysis revealed significantly larger effect sizes in studies that assessed reactive aggression using a categorical approach by comparing individuals who engaged in aggressive behavior with control groups. The limited body of research on hot EF in relation to reactive and proactive aggression indicates a need for further investigations of EF in hot contexts. Findings add to our knowledge about EF as a neurocognitive correlate of reactive and proactive aggression and point to the possibility of targeting deficits in cold EF to reduce aggression.

虽然执行功能（EF）缺陷已被证明是攻击行为的一个危险因素，但对这些认知过程的冷热成分及其与被动攻击和主动攻击的联系知之甚少。对两项研究进行了荟萃分析，包括基于绩效的EF测量和反应性攻击测量(37个独立样本；N = 5427)或主动攻击(16个独立样本；n = 4243)。还进行了亚组分析和meta回归。EF减少与反应性攻击（g = - 0.45）的关系比与主动攻击（g = - 0.14）的关系更强，大多数研究都是在寒冷环境下评估EF的。适度分析显示，在使用分类方法评估反应性攻击的研究中，通过比较从事攻击行为的个体与对照组，效果显著较大。关于被动攻击和主动攻击的热英语研究有限，这表明需要进一步研究热语境下的热英语。研究结果增加了我们对EF作为反应性和主动性攻击的神经认知关联的认识，并指出了针对冷EF缺陷来减少攻击的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroprediction of violence and criminal behavior using neuro-imaging data: From innovation to considerations for future directions

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.102008

Josanne D.M. van Dongen , Yudith Haveman , Carmen S. Sergiou , Olivia Choy

Violent conduct in society is a major health concern, and therefore one of the major aims in forensic mental healthcare is the assessment of the risk for (future) violence. The prediction of violence risk is traditionally done by using violence risk assessment tools in the form of actuarial instruments and structured professional judgments. However, research has shown that the risk assessment tools that are currently being used, are not as accurate in predicting future risk as one would hope for. Therefore, some scholars advocate a paradigm shift by incorporating a biopsychosocial model, including neurobiological measures in risk assessment models. The current review aimed to give answer to the question whether neuro-imaging measurements add in the accuracy of predicting aggression and violent (criminal) recidivism, and to discuss what next steps need to be taken to move neuro-imaging informed risk assessment forward in forensic clinical practice. The results of the current review showed that findings regarding ‘neuroprediction’ are mainly based on cross-sectional studies and that studies using rigorous methods for determining the incremental predictive accuracy of neural parameters are lacking. Future studies need to rely on prospective and longitudinal data that address the added value of neural measures over traditional risk factors specifically, taken different ethical and judicial considerations into account. Studies that take a personalized approach, focusing on neurobiologically informed risk assessment at the individual level to translate this into forensic clinical practice, is in our view the next step that will move this forward.

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引用次数: 0

Association between self-related cognitions and cyberbullying victimization in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis 自我相关认知与儿童和青少年网络欺凌受害之间的关系：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.102021

Florina Magdalena Anichitoae , Anca Dobrean , Raluca Diana Georgescu , Gabriela Diana Roman

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-concept, and self-blame have been proposed as potential factors in the development and maintenance of cybervictimization in a unidirectional, but also in a cyclic paradigm. Our objective was to synthesize the existing evidence and assess potential moderators of the relationship between these self-related cognitions and cybervictimization. We searched five electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane) from inception until October 2022. A total of 81 studies were included, encompassing a cohort of 110,095 children and adolescents with a mean age of 11.51 years. Nearly half of the studies were rated as having fair quality. Across the examined self-related cognitions, high level of cybervictimization was associated with low level of self-concept, low self-efficacy and low self-esteem. Cognitions related to self-blame were not statistically significantly associated with cybervictimization in our review. These findings included high heterogeneity and were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the number of participants significantly moderated the relationship between self-esteem and cybervictimization, but the percentage of victims and mean age of participants did not exhibit significant moderation effects. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis showed modest yet statistically significant correlations between self-related cognitions and cybervictimization. The discussion addresses the implications for future research and anti-cyberbullying programs.

PROSPERO reference number CRD42021289512.

自我效能感、自尊、自我概念和自责被认为是网络伤害发展和维持的潜在因素，不仅是单向的，而且是循环的。我们的目标是综合现有证据并评估这些自我相关认知与网络受害之间关系的潜在调节因子。我们检索了五个电子数据库（PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus， Web of Science和Cochrane），从成立到2022年10月。总共纳入了81项研究，包括110,095名平均年龄为11.51岁的儿童和青少年。近一半的研究被评为质量一般。在自我相关认知中，高水平的网络受害与低水平的自我概念、低自我效能和低自尊相关。在我们的回顾中，与自责相关的认知与网络受害者没有统计学上的显著关联。这些发现包括高度异质性，并且在敏感性分析中是一致的。元回归分析显示，参与者数量显著调节自尊与网络受害的关系，但受害者比例和参与者平均年龄没有显著调节作用。这项预登记的系统回顾和荟萃分析显示，自我相关认知与网络受害之间存在适度但统计上显著的相关性。讨论讨论了对未来研究和反网络欺凌计划的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Cyberhate in adolescents and youths: A systematic review of labels and associated factors 青少年中的网络仇恨：对标签和相关因素的系统回顾

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.102023

Olga Jiménez-Díaz, Rosario Del Rey

Cyberhate in adolescents and youth has recently attracted attention in the scientific literature. Early research has provided relevant information about the characteristics of cyberhate and its associated factors. However, given the rapidly growing scientific literature on cyberhate, it is now necessary to systematically evaluate and integrate the manifold empirical results. Therefore, this research aims to provide a comprehensive and systematised overview of existing findings on the labelling of cyberhate and the factors associated with seeing, being subjected to, and perpetrating it. A systematic review was carried out, based on the PRISMA strategy, of 42 articles that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results offer evidence of the diverse labels for cyberhate in the scientific literature, especially in recent years, and shed light on the phenomenon. Key factors associated with cyberhate involvement are identified, such as the online context, the normalization of violence, and group norms and behaviours. The results highlight the influence of previous bullying experiences on being subjected to cyberhate, being male on perpetrating it, and the time spent online on seeing it. This review offers a systematized and updated view of the literature on cyberhate published to date; it provides important findings for broader and more inclusive studies, and highlights key factors meriting future research and consideration in psychoeducational prevention programs.

青少年中的网络仇恨最近引起了科学文献的关注。早期的研究已经提供了有关网络仇恨的特征及其相关因素的相关信息。然而，鉴于关于网络仇恨的科学文献迅速增长，现在有必要系统地评估和整合多方面的实证结果。因此，本研究旨在对网络仇恨的标签以及与看到，受到和实施网络仇恨相关的因素提供全面和系统的概述。根据PRISMA策略，对42篇符合既定纳入和排除标准的文章进行系统评价。研究结果为科学文献中网络仇恨的各种标签提供了证据，尤其是近年来，并揭示了这一现象。确定了与网络仇恨参与相关的关键因素，如网络环境、暴力正常化以及群体规范和行为。研究结果强调了以前的欺凌经历对遭受网络仇恨的影响，男性对实施网络仇恨的影响，以及上网看到网络仇恨的时间。这篇综述提供了一个系统的和更新的观点对网络仇恨的文献发表至今；它为更广泛和更具包容性的研究提供了重要的发现，并强调了心理教育预防项目中值得未来研究和考虑的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0