Nanotechnology in improving photosynthesis under adverse climatic conditions: Cell to Canopy action

Abstract

Climate change has a tremendous influence on plants all over the world, creating severe abiotic stress that alters crop growth and development, resulting in major productivity losses. Nanotechnology applications in plants have the potential to transform present plant production methods by allowing interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and plant responses, such as uptake, localization, and activity. Because of their tiny size, high surface area, absorption rate, effective catalysis of processes, and adequate reactive sites, nanoparticles (NPs) are being employed as an emerging tool to stimulate particular biochemical responses connected to plants and their eco-physiological output. NPs of various kinds are used as beneficial effectors in plants to mitigate the effects of abiotic stressors. This review focuses on the positive effects of nanoparticles/nanomaterials in plants, as well as their mode of action for overcoming a range of abiotic stresses.