Plant Nano Biology最新文献

Nanostructure and plant uptake: Assessing the ecological footprint and root-to-leaf dynamics 纳米结构与植物吸收：评估生态足迹和从根到叶的动态变化

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100122

Shadma Afzal , Nand Kumar Singh , Arnica F Lal , Saima Sohrab , Nivedita Singh , Pushpraj S. Gupta , Sanjay Kumar Mishra , Muhammad Adeel , Mohammad Faizan

Nanostructure design is presented as one of the economically viable technical alternatives for increasing the efficiency of agrochemical use (fertilizers and pesticides) by reducing runoff, increasing foliar uptake and bioavailability, and reducing environmental impact. Nanomaterials (NMs) possess unique properties due to their nanoscale dimensions, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. At low concentrations, NMs can promote plant growth and development, but at higher doses, they may become toxic, causing oxidative stress, membrane damage, and disrupting key physiological processes. This review aims to comprehensively explore how this toxicity is influenced by NMs properties like chemical composition, dosage, surface structure, and solubility. Gaps in knowledge regarding NMs transport across the root surface and within plants hinder the rational design of NMs for targeted applications. Therefore, this review delves into the physical criteria that affect NMs uptake, translocation, and absorption in plants, as well as the interaction of NMs with plant cells, soil, and their environmental impact. Existing literature on NMs deposited on roots and foliar uptake mechanisms (via stomata, cuticle, trichomes, and necrotic patches) are also examined. The review also discusses how NMs penetrate plant cell walls and utilize plasmodesmata (PD) for translocation between cells, shedding light on the mechanisms and factors influencing these processes. The current knowledge highlights the participation of the symplast, including the PD, in the movement of NMs within the plant. These findings enhance understanding of how plant structure and NM characteristics influence their transport and distribution, aiding the rational design of NMs for controlled uptake and safe application in plants.

纳米结构设计是提高农用化学品（肥料和杀虫剂）使用效率的经济可行的技术替代方案之一，可减少径流、提高叶面吸收率和生物利用率，并减少对环境的影响。纳米材料（NMs）因其纳米级尺寸（通常为 1 到 100 纳米）而具有独特的性能。在低浓度下，纳米材料可促进植物的生长和发育，但在高剂量下，它们可能会产生毒性，导致氧化应激、膜损伤，并干扰关键的生理过程。本综述旨在全面探讨这种毒性如何受到核磁共振成像介质特性（如化学成分、剂量、表面结构和溶解度）的影响。有关 NMs 在根部表面和植物体内运输的知识空白阻碍了有针对性应用的 NMs 的合理设计。因此，本综述将深入探讨影响植物对 NMs 的吸收、转运和吸收的物理标准，以及 NMs 与植物细胞、土壤的相互作用及其对环境的影响。此外，还研究了有关沉积在根部的 NMs 和叶片吸收机制（通过气孔、角质层、毛状体和坏死斑）的现有文献。综述还讨论了 NMs 如何穿透植物细胞壁并利用质膜（PD）在细胞间进行转移，阐明了影响这些过程的机制和因素。目前的知识突出表明，包括质膜在内的交感基质参与了核磁共振在植物体内的运动。这些发现加深了人们对植物结构和非甲壳素特性如何影响其运输和分布的理解，有助于合理设计非甲壳素，使其在植物中得到可控吸收和安全应用。

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引用次数: 0

Untying the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of silver nanoparticles fabricated from Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott 揭示三叶草（L. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott）制备的银纳米粒子的抗菌和抗氧化潜力

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100113

Sushree Ghosh, Sankar Narayan Sinha

Understanding the properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is noteworthy for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Here AgNPs were procured through a sustainable, effortless, simple and lucrative process by using natural reducing agents from aqueous leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott. The study mainly aims at the determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the bio-fabricated AgNPs. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) was initially confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs were spherical with diameter ranges between 30 and 90 nm, negatively charged at −29.6 mV, crystalline in nature and surrounded by different active functional groups as evident by FTIR spectra analysis. The presence of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and catechin were confirmed through HPLC analysis, providing insights into the bio-reduction mechanism which facilitate the conversion of Ag+ to AgNPs. Antimicrobial properties of the synthesized AgNPs were assessed against four Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria with maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (20±3.00 mm) and Micrococcus luteus (20±1.73 mm). The antibacterial potential of AgNPs is primarily linked with the increased cell membrane permeability of AgNPs treated bacterial cells (E. coli, S. aureus and M. luteus) as evident by measuring increased conductivity and elevated extracellular DNA concentration due to the disruption of bacterial cell membrane. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited antioxidant properties with IC₅₀ value of 239.50 mg/L in free radical scavenging activity and IC₅₀ value of 213.23 mg/L in superoxide scavenging activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the earliest report of biosynthesis and physico-chemical characterization of AgNPs using T. trilobatum leaf extract having efficient antioxidant and antibacterial activity against some bacteria. These plant-mediated AgNPs might offer a promising solution in antibiotic resistance—a growing global health threat.

了解银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的特性对于开发新型抗菌剂具有重要意义。本研究利用从 Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott 的水性叶提取物中提取的天然还原剂，通过一种可持续、省力、简单且有利可图的工艺获得了 AgNPs。研究的主要目的是测定生物制造的 AgNPs 的抗菌和抗氧化活性。纳米粒子（NPs）的合成最初是通过紫外可见光谱来确认的。AgNPs 呈球形，直径在 30 至 90 nm 之间，带负电荷，电压为 -29.6 mV，呈结晶状，傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示其周围有不同的活性官能团。通过高效液相色谱分析，确认了没食子酸和儿茶素等酚类化合物的存在，从而深入了解了促进 Ag+ 转化为 AgNPs 的生物还原机制。评估了合成的 AgNPs 对四种革兰氏阴性菌和两种革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌特性，结果表明其对金黄色葡萄球菌（20±3.00 mm）和黄体微球菌（20±1.73 mm）的抑制面积最大。AgNPs 的抗菌潜力主要与 AgNPs 处理过的细菌细胞（大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黄体微球菌）的细胞膜渗透性增加有关，这可以通过测量电导率的增加和由于细菌细胞膜破坏而导致的细胞外 DNA 浓度的升高来证明。合成的 AgNPs 具有抗氧化特性，其清除自由基活性的 IC50 值为 239.50 毫克/升，清除超氧化物活性的 IC50 值为 213.23 毫克/升。据我们所知，这是利用三叶木通叶提取物生物合成 AgNPs 并对其进行物理化学表征的最早报告，这些 AgNPs 对一些细菌具有高效的抗氧化和抗菌活性。这些植物介导的 AgNPs 可能会为抗生素耐药性--一种日益严重的全球健康威胁--提供一种有希望的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic blend: Curcumin-loaded silver nanoparticles synthesized from Talaromyces atroroseus pigment for bio evaluation 协同混合：用 Talaromyces atroroseus 色素合成的姜黄素负载银纳米粒子用于生物评估

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100120

R. Aakash, Kavyarathna, Nagananda G S, Kavya T R, Roopa Reddy, K.U. Minchitha, S. Swetha, Sandeep Suryan

Metallic silver, particularly in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has gained renewed attention as a powerful antimicrobial solution. In the present investigation, AgNP was synthesized using pigments produced by Talaromyces atroroseus, and Curcumin was loaded onto these AgNP to evaluate their potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The maximal biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was achieved at an optimized precursor concentration of 6 mM silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and a reducing agent concentration of 0.5 g/L fungal pigment. The incorporation efficiency of curcumin onto AgNP was determined to be 11 %. Comprehensive characterization of both curcumin-loaded and unloaded AgNPs was performed using EDS, SEM, FTIR and XRD. Antibacterial assays revealed that both formulations exhibited antimicrobial properties, with the curcumin-loaded AgNPs displaying significantly enhanced inhibitory effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, showing an inhibition zone of 16 ± 0.33 mm. Furthermore, curcumin-loaded AgNPs demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with a 36.32 % free radical scavenging rate and an IC₅₀ of 71.9 µg mL⁻¹. The nanoparticles also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, achieving 84.05 % inhibition of inflammation and an IC₅₀ of 96.69 µg mL⁻¹. Notably, curcumin-loaded AgNPs demonstrated cytotoxicity in 100 µg mL⁻¹ of the concentration tested on lung cancer cell line (A549) at 96 hrs. These results suggest that the extended incubation hours or increasing the concentrations of the AgNPs could be lethal concentrations that could completely inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. However, further validation in in-vivo models for toxicity and clearance of AgNPs from the system has to be studied. The observed synergistic effects of biosynthesized curcumin-loaded AgNPs suggest a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapies.

金属银，尤其是以银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的形式出现的金属银，作为一种强大的抗菌溶液，再次受到人们的关注。在本研究中，使用由 Talaromyces atroroseus 产生的色素合成了 AgNP，并将姜黄素负载到这些 AgNP 上，以评估其强大的抗菌、消炎、抗氧化和抗癌活性。在硝酸银（AgNO₃）浓度为 6 mM 和还原剂浓度为 0.5 g/L 真菌色素的优化前体浓度下，银纳米粒子（AgNP）的生物合成达到最大值。姜黄素在 AgNP 上的掺入效率为 11%。利用 EDS、SEM、FTIR 和 XRD 对姜黄素负载和未负载 AgNPs 进行了综合表征。抗菌试验表明，两种制剂都具有抗菌特性，其中姜黄素负载的 AgNPs 的抑菌效果明显增强，尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用，抑菌区为 16 ± 0.33 毫米。此外，姜黄素负载的 AgNPs 表现出中等程度的抗氧化活性，自由基清除率为 36.32%，IC50 为 71.9 µg mL-1。纳米颗粒还表现出强大的抗炎特性，对炎症的抑制率达到 84.05%，IC50 为 96.69 µg mL-1。值得注意的是，在对肺癌细胞系（A549）进行的 96 小时细胞毒性测试中，姜黄素负载 AgNPs 的浓度为 100 µg mL-1。这些结果表明，延长孵育时间或增加 AgNPs 的浓度可能是完全抑制肺癌细胞增殖的致命浓度。不过，还需要在体内模型中进一步验证 AgNPs 的毒性和从系统中清除的情况。所观察到的生物合成姜黄素负载 AgNPs 的协同效应表明，它有望成为传统抗生素疗法的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus transport modeling in soils treated with nano-phosphorus fertilizers 用纳米磷肥处理过的土壤中的磷迁移模型

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100112

Kartik Jadav, Maheshwar Durgam, Monisha Perli, Damodhara Rao Mailapalli

Nanofertilizers play a promising role in crop production by reducing the application amount and increasing the application efficiency. Understanding the transport of plant nutrients in the soil is crucial for effectively managing nanofertilizer applications and minimizing their impact on the environment. This study investigated phosphorus transport in agricultural soil using 15-day and 30-day soil column experiment data from 2017 and 2018. Two soil column experiments were conducted using nano-rock phosphate, nano-hydroxyapatite fertilizers, and a commercial fertilizer (single super phosphate). The Hydrus 1D model was used to understand the transport mechanism of nano and bulk phosphorus fertilizers. Water and dissolved phosphorus fluxes were simulated using leachate data, and key phosphorus transport parameters, including longitudinal dispersivity and the diffusion coefficient, were determined. The Hydrus-1D model accurately captured leachate dynamics (R² = 0.82–0.99 and MAE = 0.38–0.56 cm/days). Phosphorus transport performed well for bulk fertilizer treatments (R² = 0.86–0.90, MAE = 0.08–0.19 ppm, and RMSE = 0.14–0.36 ppm). However, mixed results were obtained while validating nano fertilizer treatments (R² = 0.31–0.98, MAE = 0.046–0.41 ppm, and RMSE = 0.084–0.35 ppm). For nanofertilizers, the longitudinal dispersivity and distribution coefficient were reduced by 80.71 % and 19.20 %, respectively, compared to commercial fertilizers. The lower longitudinal dispersivity indicates that nano fertilizers release nutrients more slowly than bulk fertilizers. Similarly, a smaller distribution coefficient suggests that nano-phosphorus fertilizers are more concentrated in specific areas within the soil, leading to slower and more controlled nutrient distribution. Additionally, the leachate's observed total phosphorus concentration and the soil profile's phosphorus concentration support the study findings. The results indicate that the transport mechanism of nano and bulk fertilizers in soil is distinct and should be treated separately. This study's findings will contribute to developing optimal fertilizer application strategies for nano-phosphorus fertilizers.

纳米肥料通过减少施用量和提高施用效率，在作物生产中发挥着大有可为的作用。了解植物养分在土壤中的迁移对于有效管理纳米肥料的施用和最大限度地减少其对环境的影响至关重要。本研究利用 2017 年和 2018 年的 15 天和 30 天土壤柱实验数据研究了农业土壤中磷的迁移。使用纳米磷矿石、纳米羟基磷灰石肥料和商业肥料（单一过磷酸钙）进行了两次土壤柱实验。利用水文一维模型了解了纳米磷肥和散装磷肥的迁移机制。利用沥滤液数据模拟了水和溶解磷的通量，并确定了包括纵向分散性和扩散系数在内的关键磷迁移参数。Hydrus-1D 模型准确捕捉了沥滤液的动态变化（R² = 0.82-0.99 和 MAE = 0.38-0.56 厘米/天）。磷迁移在散装化肥处理中表现良好（R² = 0.86-0.90, MAE = 0.08-0.19 ppm, RMSE = 0.14-0.36 ppm）。然而，纳米肥料处理的验证结果不一（R² = 0.31-0.98, MAE = 0.046-0.41 ppm, RMSE = 0.084-0.35 ppm）。与商品肥料相比，纳米肥料的纵向分散性和分布系数分别降低了 80.71 % 和 19.20 %。较低的纵向分散性表明，纳米肥料比散装肥料释放养分的速度更慢。同样，较小的分布系数表明纳米磷肥更集中于土壤中的特定区域，从而导致养分分布更慢、更可控。此外，沥滤液中观察到的总磷浓度和土壤剖面中的磷浓度也支持研究结果。研究结果表明，纳米肥料和散装肥料在土壤中的迁移机制是不同的，应分别对待。这项研究的结果将有助于制定纳米磷肥的最佳施肥策略。

{"title":"Phosphorus transport modeling in soils treated with nano-phosphorus fertilizers","authors":"Kartik Jadav, Maheshwar Durgam, Monisha Perli, Damodhara Rao Mailapalli","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofertilizers play a promising role in crop production by reducing the application amount and increasing the application efficiency. Understanding the transport of plant nutrients in the soil is crucial for effectively managing nanofertilizer applications and minimizing their impact on the environment. This study investigated phosphorus transport in agricultural soil using 15-day and 30-day soil column experiment data from 2017 and 2018. Two soil column experiments were conducted using nano-rock phosphate, nano-hydroxyapatite fertilizers, and a commercial fertilizer (single super phosphate). The Hydrus 1D model was used to understand the transport mechanism of nano and bulk phosphorus fertilizers. Water and dissolved phosphorus fluxes were simulated using leachate data, and key phosphorus transport parameters, including longitudinal dispersivity and the diffusion coefficient, were determined. The Hydrus-1D model accurately captured leachate dynamics (R² = 0.82–0.99 and MAE = 0.38–0.56 cm/days). Phosphorus transport performed well for bulk fertilizer treatments (R² = 0.86–0.90, MAE = 0.08–0.19 ppm, and RMSE = 0.14–0.36 ppm). However, mixed results were obtained while validating nano fertilizer treatments (R² = 0.31–0.98, MAE = 0.046–0.41 ppm, and RMSE = 0.084–0.35 ppm). For nanofertilizers, the longitudinal dispersivity and distribution coefficient were reduced by 80.71 % and 19.20 %, respectively, compared to commercial fertilizers. The lower longitudinal dispersivity indicates that nano fertilizers release nutrients more slowly than bulk fertilizers. Similarly, a smaller distribution coefficient suggests that nano-phosphorus fertilizers are more concentrated in specific areas within the soil, leading to slower and more controlled nutrient distribution. Additionally, the leachate's observed total phosphorus concentration and the soil profile's phosphorus concentration support the study findings. The results indicate that the transport mechanism of nano and bulk fertilizers in soil is distinct and should be treated separately. This study's findings will contribute to developing optimal fertilizer application strategies for nano-phosphorus fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigate growth of Paris polyphylla under synergic effects of CeO2 and SiO2 using as fertilizers 研究在 CeO2 和 SiO2 作为肥料的协同作用下巴黎多花植物的生长情况

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100106

Mai Hung Thanh Tung , Phan Phuoc Minh Hiep , Nguyen Thi Lieu , Phan Thi Dieu , Vo Thi Trong Hoa , Ajit Sharmaa , Nguyen Thi Bich Huong , Do Thi Diem Thuy , Nguyen Thi Phuong Le Chi

This study successfully synthesized SiO₂ and CeO₂ nano-materials to fertilize for Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla). The obtained results indicated that nano CeO₂ and SiO₂ enhanced root growth and plan height of the P. polyphylla, respectively. This was due to the P. polyphylla absorbed SiO₂ nano particles via roots and transferred them to the epidermis walls and vascular bundle of stem and leaves to protect as well as to induce growth of aboveground parts while the P. polyphylla also absorbed CeO₂ nanoparticles and retained them in the epidermal roots to provide a medium culture accelerating the nutrient uptake of roots to significantly improve its growth. The simultaneously use of nano CeO₂ and SiO₂ greatly induced both root growth and plan height of the P. polyphylla. The extraction experiments suggested that significant amounts of gracillin, an important medicinal compound, accumulated in the P. polyphylla rhizome. Gracillin content in the rhizome of the CeO₂ fertilized P. polyphylla was also greatly higher than that in the SiO₂ fertilized P. polyphylla. Thus, the nano CeO₂ not only promoted the development but also enhanced formation of gracillin in the rhizome of the P. polyphylla.

本研究成功合成了二氧化硅（SiO2）和二氧化锡（CeO2）纳米材料，用于巴黎绿（Paris polyphylla）的施肥。结果表明，纳米 CeO2 和 SiO2 分别促进了巴黎绿的根系生长和植株高度。这是因为斑叶巴黎绿通过根吸收了纳米二氧化硅颗粒，并将其转移到茎和叶的表皮壁和维管束中，以保护和诱导地上部分的生长，而斑叶巴黎绿也吸收了纳米二氧化 CeO2 颗粒，并将其保留在表皮根中，为加速根的养分吸收提供了培养基，从而显著改善了其生长。同时使用纳米 CeO2 和 SiO2 可极大地促进斑叶芹的根系生长和平面高度。萃取实验表明，斑叶芹根茎中积累了大量重要的药用化合物格拉西林。施用 CeO2 肥料的 P. polyphylla 根茎中的格拉西林含量也大大高于施用 SiO2 肥料的 P. polyphylla 根茎中的格拉西林含量。因此，纳米 CeO2 不仅促进了多花植物根茎的发育，而且还增强了根茎中格拉西林的形成。

{"title":"Investigate growth of Paris polyphylla under synergic effects of CeO2 and SiO2 using as fertilizers","authors":"Mai Hung Thanh Tung , Phan Phuoc Minh Hiep , Nguyen Thi Lieu , Phan Thi Dieu , Vo Thi Trong Hoa , Ajit Sharmaa , Nguyen Thi Bich Huong , Do Thi Diem Thuy , Nguyen Thi Phuong Le Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully synthesized SiO<sub>2</sub> and CeO<sub>2</sub> nano-materials to fertilize for <em>Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla)</em>. The obtained results indicated that nano CeO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> enhanced root growth and plan height of the <em>P. polyphylla</em>, respectively. This was due to the <em>P. polyphylla</em> absorbed SiO<sub>2</sub> nano particles via roots and transferred them to the epidermis walls and vascular bundle of stem and leaves to protect as well as to induce growth of aboveground parts while the <em>P. polyphylla</em> also absorbed CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and retained them in the epidermal roots to provide a medium culture accelerating the nutrient uptake of roots to significantly improve its growth. The simultaneously use of nano CeO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> greatly induced both root growth and plan height of the <em>P. polyphylla</em>. The extraction experiments suggested that significant amounts of gracillin, an important medicinal compound, accumulated in the <em>P. polyphylla</em> rhizome. Gracillin content in the rhizome of the CeO<sub>2</sub> fertilized <em>P. polyphylla</em> was also greatly higher than that in the SiO<sub>2</sub> fertilized <em>P. polyphylla</em>. Thus, the nano CeO<sub>2</sub> not only promoted the development but also enhanced formation of gracillin in the rhizome of the <em>P. polyphylla</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of agro-waste–derived potassium-doped graphene oxide for antimicrobial activity 抗菌活性农业废弃物钾掺杂氧化石墨烯的绿色合成

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100119

Kamal Garwal , Chetna Tewari , Tanuja Arya , Jyoti Rawat , Veena Pande , Souvik Basak , Mayukh Bose , Yong Chae Jung , Nanda Gopal Sahoo

Graphene oxide (GO) has been unlocked as a potential bactericidal agent with multifaceted applications for a high degree of abundance of oxidizing functional groups over its structure. The potassium doping of GO (K-GO) enhances its biocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy. Herein we present a one-step synthesis of K-GO using Quercus ilex (oak fruit) as a sustainable precursor. Characterization via Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, and TGA confirmed the successful synthesis of K-GO. The screening of antimicrobial activity of K-GO was undertaken against Gram-positive (E. faecalis and S. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa), and selected fungus (C. albicans and T. asperellum) using the disc diffusion assay. The midpoint inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of K-GO against E. coli and S. aureus was found to be 109.64 µg/mL and 38.90 µg/mL, respectively. Employing our green synthesis method using oak seeds as a precursor showcases both cost-effectiveness and sustainability. The aforementioned results suggest that K-GO nano-sheet possesses significant antimicrobial activity, thus may evolve as future antimicrobial nanomaterials.

氧化石墨烯（GO）因其结构中含有大量氧化官能团而成为一种潜在的杀菌剂，具有多方面的应用。在 GO 中掺入钾元素（K-GO）可增强其生物相容性和抗菌功效。在此，我们以栎树果实（Quercus ilex）为可持续前体，介绍了一步法合成 K-GO 的方法。通过拉曼光谱、紫外可见光谱、TEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱和 TGA 表征证实了 K-GO 的成功合成。利用盘扩散试验筛选了 K-GO 对革兰氏阳性菌（粪大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）、革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌）以及特定真菌（白僵菌和白癣菌）的抗菌活性。结果发现，K-GO 对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的中点抑制浓度（IC50）分别为 109.64 µg/mL 和 38.90 µg/mL。我们采用橡树种子作为前体的绿色合成方法显示了成本效益和可持续性。上述结果表明，K-GO 纳米片具有显著的抗菌活性，因此有可能发展成为未来的抗菌纳米材料。

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引用次数: 0

Calcareous soil modified with metallic and organic ZnO nanoparticles limits photosynthetic pigment accumulation and macronutrient uptake in Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) 用金属和有机纳米氧化锌修饰的石灰质土壤限制了瑞士甜菜（Beta vulgaris var.）

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100108

Eddaliz García-Reyes , Josué I. García-López , Sonia N. Ramírez-Barrón , Antonio Flores-Naveda , Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez , Agustín Hernández-Juárez , Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro

Previous studies on the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles have mainly examined controlled agricultural settings, failing to consider their behavior in real agricultural soil. As a result, our knowledge of their environmental impact remains incomplete. This study was specifically developed to observe the comparative effects of metallic zinc oxide nanoparticles, zinc sulfate, and zinc oxide green nanoparticles at different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg of Zn kg⁻¹ of soil) on growth parameters, the mineral content (N, P, K and Zn) in root and leaf, the content of chlorophyll a (CHLa), b (CHLb), and total (CHLt), and carotenoids in Swiss chard plants grown in calcareous soil. Leaf area and dry root weight increased by 23.27 % and 46.20 %, respectively, in zinc sulfate modified soil. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids also increased by 40.12 % and 32.59 %. The concentration of N, P, K and Zn in roots was 2.89, 1.74, 1.70 and 1.52 times higher, while in leaves, the concentration was 1.48, 1.44, 1.76 and 2.22 times higher in plants grown with zinc sulfate. The effects on plant growth can be attributed to the type of fertilizer used and its influence on macronutrient absorption in the soil. The utilization of zinc sulfate as a soil treatment led to elevated absorption of macronutrients and zinc, suggesting a connection between the fertilizer type and the crop’s agronomic and physiological reactions.

以往关于纳米氧化锌影响的研究主要是在受控农业环境下进行的，没有考虑它们在真实农业土壤中的行为。因此，我们对其环境影响的了解仍不全面。本研究旨在观察不同浓度（25、50、75 和 100 毫克锌/千克土壤）的金属氧化锌纳米粒子、硫酸锌和绿色氧化锌纳米粒子对生长参数、根和叶中的矿物质（氮、磷、钾和锌）含量、叶绿素 a（CHLa）、b（CHLb）和总叶绿素（CHLt）含量以及类胡萝卜素的影响。硫酸锌改良土壤中的叶面积和干根重量分别增加了 23.27 % 和 46.20 %。叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素也分别增加了 40.12 % 和 32.59 %。在硫酸锌土壤中生长的植物，根中氮、磷、钾和锌的浓度分别增加了 2.89 倍、1.74 倍、1.70 倍和 1.52 倍，而叶片中氮、磷、钾和锌的浓度分别增加了 1.48 倍、1.44 倍、1.76 倍和 2.22 倍。这些对植物生长的影响可归因于所使用的肥料类型及其对土壤中大量营养元素吸收的影响。使用硫酸锌作为土壤处理剂可提高对大量元素和锌的吸收，这表明肥料类型与作物的农艺和生理反应之间存在联系。

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引用次数: 0

Plant enzymatic activity as an indicator of nano-TiO2 exposure in rice ecosystems 作为水稻生态系统中纳米二氧化钛暴露指标的植物酶活性

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100117

Raviteja Machanuru , Manoj Shrivastava , Renu Singh , Bhupinder Singh , Debashis Chakraborty , Pooja Lakshmidevarahalli Ramalingappa , Mahesh Narayan

The widespread use of nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) has raised concerns about its environmental impact, particularly in soil-plant systems. This study investigates the effects of nano-TiO₂ on rice (Oryza sativa cv. PB1121) growth and enzymatic activities, compared to bulk TiO₂, through a pot culture experiment. Eight doses of Ti were applied: six as soil treatments (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg Ti kg⁻¹) and two as foliar treatments (0.05 % and 0.1 %). Results showed that grain yield peaked at 25 mg Ti kg⁻¹ soil for both nano and bulk TiO₂, while a 0.05 % foliar spray outperformed by 0.1 %. Titanium accumulated mostly in roots, followed by straw and grains. Nano-TiO₂ significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities—catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)—and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde) in rice roots and shoots, indicating oxidative stress. The findings suggest that plant enzymatic activity serves as an early indicator of nano-TiO₂ exposure, making it a valuable biomarker for environmental monitoring. However, higher Ti doses may inhibit plant growth depending on Ti source and concentration. Further studies should examine the effects of nano-TiO₂ of different sizes, shapes, and charges on various crops and soil types to validate these results and assess the broader implications for agricultural and environmental health. This research highlights the dual potential of nano-TiO₂ as both a growth enhancer and a stress-inducing agent, emphasizing the need for careful management in agricultural applications.

纳米二氧化钛（Nano-TiO2）的广泛使用引起了人们对其环境影响的关注，尤其是在土壤-植物系统中。本研究通过盆栽培养实验研究了纳米二氧化钛与散装二氧化钛相比对水稻（Oryza sativa cv. PB1121）生长和酶活性的影响。实验中施用了八种剂量的 Ti：六种为土壤处理（0、2.5、5、10、25 和 50 mg Ti kg-¹），两种为叶面处理（0.05 % 和 0.1 %）。结果表明，在 25 毫克 Ti kg-¹ 的土壤中，纳米二氧化钛和散装二氧化钛的谷物产量都达到了峰值，而 0.05 % 的叶面喷洒效果比 0.1 % 的叶面喷洒效果好。钛主要在根部积累，其次是秸秆和谷物。纳米二氧化钛大大提高了抗氧化酶活性--催化酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）--以及水稻根和芽中的脂质过氧化（以丙二醛衡量），表明存在氧化应激。研究结果表明，植物酶活性是纳米二氧化钛暴露的早期指标，使其成为环境监测的重要生物标志物。然而，较高剂量的钛可能会抑制植物的生长，这取决于钛的来源和浓度。进一步的研究应考察不同大小、形状和电荷的纳米二氧化钛对各种作物和土壤类型的影响，以验证这些结果并评估其对农业和环境健康的广泛影响。这项研究凸显了纳米二氧化钛作为生长促进剂和应激诱导剂的双重潜力，强调了在农业应用中谨慎管理的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro and in vivo studies of Vitex negundo-derived silver oxide nanoparticles against Meloidogyne incognita (Root-knot nematode) on tomato plants 蔓荆子提取的纳米氧化银对番茄植株上的根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）的体外和体内研究

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100118

Kanika Choudhary , Deepak Sharma , Dixit Sharma , Pankaj Thakur , Kushal Thakur , Sunil Kumar

Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) is an important obligatory pest affecting a large number of horticultural crops. The pest is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warmer regions of the world. M. incognita induces root gall formation that interferes with nutrient supply leading to stunted growth, wilting, chlorosis and significant drop in plant productivity. In recent years biogenic nanoparticles have emerged as an alternative approach for controlling agricultural pests. The current study investigates the nematicidal potential of green-synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles derived from Vitex negundo against second-stage juvenile (J2) and eggs of M. incognita. The maximum mortality (97.20 %) of M. incognita was found after 96 h of treatment. The lowest egg hatching (7.40 %) in comparison with the control (86.93 %) was found in 500 ppm concentration after six days of exposure. The bioassay results revealed that both juveniles and eggs generally showed a concentration-dependent response. The in vivo treatment with biogenic nanoparticles showed reduced gall formation and increased plant growth in tomato plants. Maximum reduction in the galls and plant growth parameters was observed in higher concentrations (1000 ppm) of VND-AgONPs after 60 days compared to untreated inoculated control. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematicidal efficacy of VND-AgONPs against J2 and eggs of M. incognita. These biogenic nanoparticles could be recommended for managing Root-knot nematodes due to their higher efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally safe nature.

Meloidogyne incognita（M. incognita）是一种影响大量园艺作物的重要害虫。该害虫广泛分布于世界热带、亚热带和温暖地区。M. incognita诱导根瘿形成，干扰养分供应，导致生长受阻、萎蔫、枯萎和植物生产力显著下降。近年来，生物纳米粒子已成为控制农业害虫的一种替代方法。本研究调查了从荆芥中提取的绿色合成氧化银纳米粒子对白僵菌第二阶段幼虫（J2）和卵的杀线虫潜力。处理 96 小时后，白僵菌的死亡率最高（97.20%）。与对照组（86.93%）相比，暴露 6 天后，500 ppm 浓度的虫卵孵化率最低（7.40%）。生物测定结果显示，幼鱼和鱼卵一般都表现出浓度依赖性反应。使用生物纳米粒子进行体内处理后，番茄植株的虫瘿形成减少，植株生长增加。与未处理的接种对照相比，60 天后，浓度较高（1000 ppm）的 VND-AgONPs 可最大程度地减少虫瘿和植物生长参数。据我们所知，这是首次报道 VND-AgONPs 对白粉虱 J2 和卵的杀线虫功效。由于这些生物纳米颗粒具有更高的功效、成本效益和环境安全特性，因此可推荐用于管理根结线虫。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on biosynthesis of thymoquinone in cell cultures of Nigella sativa 氧化锌纳米颗粒对黑麦草细胞培养物中胸腺醌生物合成的影响

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2024.100109

Ambreen , Mubarak Ali Khan , Afzal Raza , Reema Yousaf , Huma Ali , Hadeer Darwish

The rising market interest for Nigella sativa (Black seeds) necessitates the development of cultivation strategies to enhance metabolites production. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have drawn global attention as efficient and bio safe elicitors for in vitro cultures, to enhance secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants. In this study, ZnO-NPs were utilized for establishment of callus and cell cultures in black seeds for the first time. Hypocotyl explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with varying levels of ZnO-NPs, resulted in callus induction and biomass formation. Optimal response in callus growth parameters were observed when explants were grown on MS media supplemented with 60 mg/L ZnO-NPs, resulting in 71.2 % callus induction frequency, 28.2 g/L fresh biomass, 9.7 g/L dry biomass, and 63 % water content. A substantial increase in callus growth was observed when ZnO-NPs were combined with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) at ratio of 45:1.5 mg/L, resulting in 91.2 % callus induction frequency and 42.2 g/L fresh biomass. In cell suspension cultures, ZnO-NPs alone at 45 mg/L produced optimum callus biomass (60.9 g/L). However, in combination with BA, callus biomass did not increase significantly in cell cultures. Maximum accumulation of total phenolic content (TPC: 26.8 mg GAE/g DW; Gallic acid equivalent dry weight) and total flavonoid content (TFC: 19.5 mg QE/g DW; Quercetin equivalent dry weight) was observed in cell cultures treated with higher concentration (70 mg/L) of ZnO-NPs in the 5th week of the growth curve. Moreover, ZnO-NPs incremented substantially the Phenylalanine lyase (PAL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities in cell cultures. Nonetheless, Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis indicated peak production of thymoquinone (168.5 mg/g FW) in cell cultures treated with 45 mg/L ZnO-NPs alone. This study offers a promising approach for commercial production of Nigella sativa biomass and bioactive metabolites.

市场对黑木耳（黑籽）的兴趣日益浓厚，因此有必要开发出提高代谢物产量的栽培策略。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）作为高效、生物安全的体外培养诱导剂，在提高药用植物次生代谢物产量方面引起了全球关注。本研究首次利用 ZnO-NPs 在黑色种子中建立胼胝体和细胞培养。在含有不同水平 ZnO-NPs 的 Murashige and Skoog（MS）培养基上培养下胚轴外植体，可诱导出胼胝体并形成生物量。当外植体在添加了 60 毫克/升 ZnO-NPs 的 MS 培养基上生长时，胼胝体生长参数达到最佳响应，胼胝体诱导频率为 71.2%，新鲜生物量为 28.2 克/升，干生物量为 9.7 克/升，含水量为 63%。当 ZnO-NPs 与 6-苄基氨基嘌呤（BA）以 45:1.5 mg/L 的比例结合使用时，胼胝体的生长率大幅提高，胼胝体诱导率达 91.2%，新鲜生物量达 42.2 g/L。在细胞悬浮培养中，单独使用 45 毫克/升的 ZnO-NPs 能产生最佳的胼胝体生物量（60.9 克/升）。然而，与 BA 结合使用时，细胞培养物中的胼胝体生物量并没有显著增加。总酚含量（TPC：26.8 毫克 GAE/g DW；没食子酸当量干重）和总黄酮含量（TFC：19.5 毫克 QE/g DW；槲皮素当量干重）在生长曲线的第 5 周以较高浓度（70 毫克/升）的 ZnO-NPs 处理的细胞培养物中积累最多。此外，ZnO-NPs 还大幅提高了细胞培养物中苯丙氨酸裂解酶（PAL）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的酶活性。然而，反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）分析表明，在单独使用 45 mg/L ZnO-NPs 处理的细胞培养物中，胸腺醌的产量达到峰值（168.5 mg/g FW）。这项研究为黑麦草生物质和生物活性代谢物的商业化生产提供了一种前景广阔的方法。

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引用次数: 0