Plant Nano Biology最新文献

Silver as an emerging pollutant: A sustainable remediation perspective with nanoparticles and biochar nanocomposites 银作为新兴污染物：纳米颗粒和生物炭纳米复合材料的可持续修复前景

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100254

Liaqat Ali , Natasha Manzoor , Muhammad Shafiq Shahid , Muhammad Ahmed Akram , Gang Wang

The rapid advancement of industrialization, urbanization and nanotechnology has intensified environmental contamination by silver (Ag), positioning it as emerging inorganic pollutant (EIP) of global concern. Silver as ions (Ag⁺) and nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit high mobility and toxicity, disrupting soil microbial communities, impairing crop productivity, and entering into aquatic systems and food chains pose significant risks to ecosystem system and human health. The environmental behavior of Ag is governed by interaction with organic matter, pH and mineral composition, complexation and redox transformations, complicating its remediation. Conventional remediation methods (precipitation, filtration, phytoremediation) remain limited by high cost, low selectivity, longer time and risk of secondary pollution. In contrast, biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) integrate the high surface area and adsorption capacity of biochar with the catalytic reactivity of nanoparticles (NPs), enabling efficient Ag⁺ immobilization and toxicity reduction while improving soil fertility and plant resilience. This review synthesizes recent insights into Ag toxicity, transformation, and bioaccumulation across soil–plant–water–human systems. We critically assess their efficacy, limitations, and implementation challenges, and propose integrative strategies that couple advanced materials with ecological restoration principles. By consolidating emerging evidence and highlighting future research needs such as field-scale validation, standardized toxicity protocols, cos-benefit analysis and green synthesis, this work provides a scientific foundation for sustainable remediation of Ag pollution and its integration into global environmental management framework.

工业化、城市化和纳米技术的快速发展加剧了银（Ag）对环境的污染，使其成为全球关注的新兴无机污染物。银离子（Ag+）和纳米粒子（AgNPs）具有高流动性和高毒性，破坏土壤微生物群落，损害作物生产力，并进入水生系统和食物链，对生态系统和人类健康构成重大风险。银的环境行为受有机物、pH和矿物组成、络合和氧化还原转化的相互作用支配，使其修复变得复杂。传统的修复方法（沉淀、过滤、植物修复）存在成本高、选择性低、时间长、二次污染风险大等缺点。相比之下，生物炭基纳米复合材料（bnc）将生物炭的高表面积和吸附能力与纳米颗粒（NPs）的催化反应性结合在一起，实现了高效的Ag+固定和毒性降低，同时提高了土壤肥力和植物恢复力。本文综述了近年来对土壤-植物-水-人体系统中银的毒性、转化和生物积累的研究。我们批判性地评估了它们的功效、局限性和实施挑战，并提出了将先进材料与生态恢复原则相结合的综合策略。通过整合新出现的证据并强调未来的研究需求，如实地规模验证、标准化毒性方案、成本效益分析和绿色合成，本工作为农业污染的可持续修复及其融入全球环境管理框架提供了科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene oxide nanomaterials reduce tetrabromobisphenol-A accumulation and attenuate phytotoxicity in Allium cepa 氧化石墨烯纳米材料减少了四溴双酚a的积累，减弱了葱的植物毒性

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100257

Piali Chakraborty , Nayanindra Paul , Abisha Christy Christudoss , Amitava Mukherjee

This study offers a novel insight into the phytotoxic dynamics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial on Allium cepa, integrating biochemical stress markers with characterization of contaminant uptake. TBBPA exposure alone significantly compromised cell viability (up to 50 % at 10 mg L⁻¹), elevated total reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and intensified lipid peroxidation (LPO), while modulating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). When GO was applied individually, it induced moderate oxidative stress (46 % at 25 mg L⁻¹); however, its co-application with TBBPA revealed an antagonistic interaction, mitigating ROS generation, reducing LPO, and partially restoring cell viability (13 %). Enzymatic profiles further supported this attenuation, suggesting a stress-buffering role of GO. LC-MS analysis confirmed the actual concentration of TBBPA in the exposure medium, and root uptake studies demonstrated a significant reduction in TBBPA accumulation in the presence of GO, suggesting that GO interferes with the bioaccumulation of the contaminant. Interestingly, TBBPA was also shown to hinder the bioavailability of GO when plants were co-exposed to both substances. This is the first report to correlate biochemical perturbations with uptake dynamics under combined exposure, highlighting the antagonistic modulation of organic pollutant toxicity by carbon nanomaterials in crop systems. The findings advance our understanding of emerging contaminant interactions and offer a mechanistic basis for sustainable risk assessment in agroecological contexts.

本研究结合生化胁迫标记和污染物摄取特征，为四溴双酚a （TBBPA）和氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米材料对葱的植物毒性动力学提供了新的见解。单独暴露于TBBPA会显著降低细胞活力（在10 mg L−1时高达50% %），升高总活性氧（ROS），包括羟基和超氧自由基，并加剧脂质过氧化（LPO），同时调节超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶。当氧化石墨烯单独施用时，它诱导中度氧化应激（在25 mg L−1时为46 %）；然而，与TBBPA共同应用显示出拮抗相互作用，减轻ROS生成，降低LPO，部分恢复细胞活力（13% %）。酶谱进一步支持这种衰减，表明氧化石墨烯具有应力缓冲作用。LC-MS分析证实了暴露介质中TBBPA的实际浓度，根吸收研究表明，氧化石墨烯存在时，TBBPA的积累显著减少，这表明氧化石墨烯干扰了污染物的生物积累。有趣的是，当植物同时暴露于两种物质时，TBBPA也被证明会阻碍氧化石墨烯的生物利用度。这是第一个将生物化学扰动与复合暴露下的摄取动力学联系起来的报告，强调了碳纳米材料在作物系统中对有机污染物毒性的拮抗调节。这些发现促进了我们对新出现的污染物相互作用的理解，并为农业生态环境下的可持续风险评估提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Chitosan nanoparticles and their conjugates in drought stress management: A cutting-edge strategy for crop resilience 壳聚糖纳米颗粒及其偶联物在干旱胁迫管理中的应用：一种提高作物抗逆性的前沿策略

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100251

Yogesh Choudhary , Neelam Rani , Mohit Boora , Sushila Devi , Ankit Kumar , Santosh Kumari , Sapna Grewal

Global food security is at risk due to crops being exposed to more and more unexpected environmental factors, such as high temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and decreasing soil fertility. Among these, drought is one of the most severe abiotic stresses, arising from prolonged precipitation shortfall that upsets the hydrological balance. It causes extensive ecosystem stress and leads to a reduction in maximum fluorescence (Fm) and variable fluorescence (Fv), which is an indicator of drought. Traditional synthetic fertilizers and pesticides exacerbate environmental degradation. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), derived from the natural polysaccharide, have emerged as a potential stress alleviator as well as a growth promoter that can help plants cope with physiological and biochemical modifications caused by drought stress. Their nanoscale size (10–200 nm) improves bioavailability and absorption, enabling more effective interaction with plant cellular systems. CSNPs can promote growth, improve photosynthetic ability, and regulate osmatic and hormonal activities. Moreover, CSNPs can serve as a promising carrier for bioactive compounds such as phytohormones, micronutrients, or signalling molecules to further boost drought tolerance, called as Chitosan Nanoconjugates (CNCs). These CNCs have the potential to activate the antioxidant defence systems (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Peroxidase, Ascorbic acid, Glutathione) in plant cells. They also facilitate the accumulation of osmolytes (like proline, sugars, and polyols), thereby maintaining cellular integrity under stress conditions. By integrating nanotechnology in agriculture, CSNPs and CNCs offer a novel frontier in precision agriculture, enabling targeted and efficient stress mitigation. Their role as growth enhancers and in improving plant resilience underscores their significance as next-generation biomaterials for sustainable crop production. This review highlights the potential role of CSNPs and CNCs as growth promoters and their mechanistic role in mitigating drought stress in plants. The use of chitosan and its nanoconjugates represents an integrated approach for addressing agricultural challenges, particularly stress management by strengthening crop resilience against drought stress.

由于作物面临越来越多的意外环境因素，如高温、不可预测的降雨模式和土壤肥力下降，全球粮食安全面临风险。其中，干旱是最严重的非生物胁迫之一，由长期降水不足引起，破坏了水文平衡。它造成广泛的生态系统压力，并导致最大荧光（Fm）和可变荧光（Fv）的减少，这是干旱的一个指标。传统的合成肥料和农药加剧了环境退化。从天然多糖中提取的壳聚糖纳米颗粒（csnp）作为一种潜在的抗旱剂和生长促进剂，可以帮助植物应对干旱胁迫引起的生理生化变化。它们的纳米级尺寸（10-200 nm）提高了生物利用度和吸收，能够更有效地与植物细胞系统相互作用。csnp可以促进生长，提高光合能力，调节渗透和激素活动。此外，csnp可以作为生物活性化合物（如植物激素、微量营养素或信号分子）的载体，进一步提高抗旱性，称为壳聚糖纳米偶联物（CNCs）。这些CNCs有可能激活植物细胞中的抗氧化防御系统（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽）。它们还促进渗透物（如脯氨酸、糖和多元醇）的积累，从而在应激条件下保持细胞的完整性。通过将纳米技术整合到农业中，csnp和cnc为精准农业提供了一个新的前沿，实现了有针对性和有效的压力缓解。它们作为生长促进剂和提高植物抗逆性的作用强调了它们作为可持续作物生产的下一代生物材料的重要性。本文综述了csnp和CNCs作为生长促进剂的潜在作用及其在缓解植物干旱胁迫中的机制作用。壳聚糖及其纳米缀合物的使用代表了一种解决农业挑战的综合方法，特别是通过增强作物对干旱胁迫的抗逆性来进行胁迫管理。

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引用次数: 0

Nano-titanium dioxide enhances apple appearance quality via wax biosynthesis and cuticular remodelling 纳米二氧化钛通过蜡生物合成和表皮重塑来提高苹果的外观质量

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100253

Yong-xu Wang , Jing Zhang , Sen Wang , Xiao-wen He , Yuan-sheng Chang , Ping He , Wen-yan Zheng , Lin-guang Li , Hai-bo Wang , Chun-xiang You

Enhancing the post-harvest quality of apples is crucial for increasing market value. This study investigated the effects of nano-titanium dioxide (NPs-TiO₂) on the appearance, quality, and cuticular wax composition of apples (Malus domestica ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Red Chief’). Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive years (2021 and 2022) using the two cultivars. NPs-TiO₂ and ethephon were administered via foliar spraying. Fruit appearance parameters (colour and glossiness), epidermal microstructure, wax composition, and gene expression were systematically analysed. Epidermal microstructure and wax composition were examined using scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. The results revealed that both NPs-TiO₂ and ethephon substantially enhanced fruit redness, colour intensity, and uniformity. The NPs-TiO₂ treatment group exhibited superior glossiness at 60° and 85° angles in Year 1 and Year 2. Additionally, NPs-TiO₂ increased the thickness of the stratum corneum of the fruit pericarp and the number of epidermal cell layers, thereby increasing surface roughness and wax particle deposition. Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that NPs-TiO₂ significantly elevated total wax content of fruit pericarps, particularly alkanes and fatty alcohols. RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that NPs-TiO₂ treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of genes associated with wax biosynthesis, indicating that field-applied NPs-TiO₂ enhance deposition cuticular wax metabolism and epidermal restructuring, thereby improving apple appearance. This study presents a potential strategy for the application of NPs-TiO₂ in the efficient cultivation and management of horticultural crops.

提高苹果收获后的品质对提高市场价值至关重要。本研究考察了纳米二氧化钛（NPs-TiO2）对苹果（Malus domestica ‘ Royal Gala ’和‘ Red Chief ’）外观、品质和表皮蜡成分的影响。用这两个品种连续两年（2021年和2022年）进行田间试验。通过叶面喷施NPs-TiO2和乙烯利。系统分析了果实外观参数（颜色和光泽度）、表皮微观结构、蜡成分和基因表达。采用扫描电镜和气相色谱-质谱法分别对其表皮微观结构和蜡质成分进行了检测。结果表明，NPs-TiO2和乙烯利均能显著提高果实的红度、颜色强度和均匀性。NPs-TiO2处理组在第1年和第2年的60°角和85°角的光泽度较好。此外，NPs-TiO2增加了果皮角质层的厚度和表皮细胞层数，从而增加了果皮表面粗糙度和蜡粒沉积。化学成分分析表明，NPs-TiO2显著提高了果皮总蜡含量，尤其是烷烃和脂肪醇含量。RNA-seq和定量逆转录聚合酶链反应显示，NPs-TiO2处理显著上调了蜡生物合成相关基因的表达，表明田间应用NPs-TiO2促进了沉积角质层蜡代谢和表皮重组，从而改善了苹果外观。本研究为NPs-TiO2在园艺作物高效栽培和管理中的应用提供了潜在的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Silver nanoparticles suppress the occurrence of anthracnose in Catalpa bungei: Efficacy evaluation and mechanistic analysis 纳米银颗粒抑制紫杉树炭疽病的发生：效果评价及机制分析

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100239

Daoguo Chen , Xiaohan Guo , Nan Lu , Jiaojiao Zhang , Wenjun Ma , Junhui Wang

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and offer distinct advantages as antimicrobial agents, including high efficacy and low tendency for resistance development. However, the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit plant fungal pathogens remain unclear, particularly in anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of AgNPs against this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrated that AgNPs effectively inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides at concentrations of 5 mg L⁻¹ and 20 mg L⁻¹. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AgNPs suppress the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and cell wall integrity, rather than causing disruption of cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, AgNPs treatment significantly reduced anthracnose disease severity in Catalpa bungei leaves. Additional results indicated that AgNPs may enhance ROS burst in C. bungei by up-regulating the expression of RBOH genes, which in turn promote the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes. Collectively, these findings clarify the potential mechanisms of AgNPs antifungal activity and provide a theoretical basis for their practical application in the management of anthracnose, as well as for resistance breeding in forestry timber species.

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）以其广谱抗菌活性而闻名，并提供了作为抗菌药物的独特优势，包括高效率和低耐药性发展趋势。然而，AgNPs抑制植物真菌病原体的机制尚不清楚，特别是对炭疽菌引起的炭疽病的抑制机制。因此，阐明AgNPs对该病原菌的抗真菌机制是十分必要的。在本研究中，我们证明了AgNPs在浓度为5 mg L−1和20 mg L−1时能有效抑制gloeosporioides菌丝生长和孢子萌发。机制研究表明，AgNPs抑制活性氧（ROS）清除和细胞壁完整性相关基因的表达，而不是破坏细胞膜完整性。此外，AgNPs处理显著降低了紫杉树叶片的炭疽病严重程度。结果表明，AgNPs可能通过上调RBOH基因的表达，促进龙葵ROS爆发，进而促进致病相关（PR）蛋白基因的表达。总的来说，这些发现阐明了AgNPs抗真菌活性的潜在机制，并为其在炭疽病管理中的实际应用以及林业木材品种的抗性育种提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the nanoparticle-mediated regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling 揭示纳米粒子介导的植物激素生物合成和信号传导调节

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100256

Swathi Shivappa , K.P. Amritha , Siddharth Nayak , Harsha K. Chandrashekhar , Meenakshi Subramanian , Srivatsa Udupa , Manoj Kumar , Nikhil Kumar Ramesha , Sachin Ashok Thorat , Arya Kaniyassery , Annamalai Muthusamy

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as key plant growth and development regulators that influence various physiological and biochemical processes, including hormone regulation, stress response, and antioxidant defense. Similarly, phytohormones are essential for controlling cell division, differentiation, and organ development and are significantly impacted by NPs. NPs interact with plant systems by altering transcription-associated genes in phytohormone synthesis and signalling networks, thus modulating plant adaptations to biotic and abiotic challenges. This review explores the role of NPs in directing the biosynthesis of phytohormones and their involvement in the complex signalling networks that govern plant development and stress adaptation. The extensive role of NPs in hormone synthesis and accumulation and their involvement in signalling networks, have been reported recently. However, the direct association of NP-assisted phytohormone regulation has not yet been revealed. Thus, this review explores new research aimed at understanding how NPs affect phytohormone interference, biosynthesis mechanisms, signalling networks, and phytohormone-mediated modulation and interactions. Furthermore, we examined how NPs affect the biosynthesis and signalling pathways of ethylene, brassinosteriods, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid to highlight key areas for future research and identify existing gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms and underlying factors responsible for the observed discrepancies in specific phytohormone responses are discussed.

纳米颗粒（NPs）已成为植物生长发育的关键调节剂，影响各种生理生化过程，包括激素调节、应激反应和抗氧化防御。同样，植物激素对控制细胞分裂、分化和器官发育至关重要，并受到NPs的显著影响。NPs通过改变植物激素合成和信号网络中的转录相关基因与植物系统相互作用，从而调节植物对生物和非生物挑战的适应。这篇综述探讨了NPs在指导植物激素生物合成中的作用，以及它们在控制植物发育和逆境适应的复杂信号网络中的作用。最近报道了NPs在激素合成和积累中的广泛作用以及它们参与信号网络。然而，np辅助植物激素调控的直接关联尚未被揭示。因此，本文对NPs如何影响植物激素干扰、生物合成机制、信号网络以及植物激素介导的调节和相互作用进行了探讨。此外，我们研究了NPs如何影响乙烯、油菜素内酯、生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、乙烯、水杨酸和茉莉酸的生物合成和信号通路，以突出未来研究的关键领域，并确定现有文献中的空白。此外，潜在的机制和潜在因素负责观察到的特定植物激素反应差异进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Bioengineered nano zinc oxide formulation-SmZnF disrupting fungal pathogens of Withania somnifera, a high value medicinal plant 生物工程纳米氧化锌制剂smznf对高价值药用植物苦参真菌病原菌的破坏作用

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100252

Amit Kumar Sinha , Rahul Kumar , Shikha Nishad , Narayan Prasad Yadav , Kishore Babu Bandamaravuri

Fungal phytopathogens pose significant challenges to agriculture owing to their high genetic diversity, adaptability to environmental conditions, and rapid evolutionary dynamics, which enable them to develop resistance against commonly used chemical fungicides and even overcome disease-resistant plant varieties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) have emerged as potent antifungal agents due to their safety and unique physicochemical properties. In the present study, fungal diseases affecting Withania somnifera were effectively managed using a nano-bioformulation (SmZnF). We carried out a comprehensive physicochemical analysis and confirmed the stability and efficacy of SmZnF. The in vitro fungicidal activity illustrated that the MIC of SmZnF on Fusarium solani, WsRrK-01, 125 µg/ml, Alternaria alternata, WLSK-01, 62.5 µg/ml, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, WsSRK-01, 15.625 µg/ml was significantly more effective than the ZnO-NP alone. The mode of action of SmZnF on phytopathogenic fungi revealed that the electrolyte and sugar leakage from the mycelia, and alteration in total mycelial ergosterol content, lead to disruption and rupture of the mycelia. The morphological distortion and biochemical findings confirmed the mode of action of SmZnF, and the bio-efficacy of SmZnF was validated through in planta antifungal assays under glasshouse.

真菌植物病原体具有高度的遗传多样性、对环境条件的适应性和快速的进化动态，使它们能够对常用的化学杀菌剂产生抗性，甚至克服抗病植物品种，这对农业构成了重大挑战。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NP）由于其独特的物理化学性质和安全性而成为一种有效的抗真菌药物。在本研究中，利用纳米生物制剂（SmZnF）有效地控制了影响Withania somnifera的真菌疾病。我们进行了全面的理化分析，证实了SmZnF的稳定性和有效性。结果表明，SmZnF对番茄镰刀菌WsRrK-01（125 µg/ml）、交替稻瘟菌WLSK-01（62.5 µg/ml）和菌核菌WsSRK-01（15.625 µg/ml）的体外杀菌效果显著优于ZnO-NP。SmZnF对植物致病真菌的作用模式表明，菌丝中电解质和糖的渗漏以及菌丝麦角甾醇总含量的改变导致菌丝的破坏和断裂。形态畸变和生化结果证实了SmZnF的作用方式，并通过植物温室抑菌试验验证了SmZnF的生物功效。

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引用次数: 0

A decade of nanotechnology in maize (Zea mays): Benefits, risks, and future directions 玉米纳米技术的十年：利益、风险和未来方向

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100255

Ezequiel García-Locascio , Arturo A. Keller , Pabel Cervantes-Avilés

Maize (Zea mays) is a staple crop globally, and the application of nanotechnology holds great promise in enhancing maize growth, resilience, and yield. While various studies have reported the effects of several metallic, metalloid, and non-metallic-based nanomaterials (NMs) in maize, the full extent of their benefits, risks, and influencing factors remains to be fully understood. This systematic review of the last decade adhered to the PRISMA methodology. It examined 74 cutting-edge studies on the impact of NMs used as nanofertilizers for germination, plant growth, and abiotic stress alleviation, as nanopesticides, and the risks of NMs as toxic agents. We observed that NM-effects can be limited by influencing factors such as size, chemical composition, oxidation state, shape, surface chemistry, delivery system, exposure time, and concentration. Concentration might interplay with the exposure time, which is a crucial factor influencing the hormetic behavior of NMs in maize. NMs based on Zn, Ti, Ag, Fe, Mg, Se, and HA enhance imbibition and nutrient uptake, promoting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, and stimulating metabolic activity. In growth, NMs can up-regulate genes associated with essential metabolic processes, and the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stress has also been observed. This summary provides crucial insights into the role of nanotechnology in optimizing maize production. However, it also highlights the need for further research to fully understand this role, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for future studies in this rapidly evolving field.

玉米（Zea mays）是全球的主要作物，纳米技术的应用在提高玉米生长、抗逆性和产量方面具有很大的前景。虽然各种研究已经报道了几种金属、类金属和非金属基纳米材料（NMs）对玉米的影响，但它们的益处、风险和影响因素的全部程度仍有待充分了解。这项对过去十年的系统审查遵循了PRISMA的方法。它审查了74项前沿研究，这些研究涉及纳米农药作为纳米肥料对发芽、植物生长和非生物胁迫缓解的影响，以及纳米农药作为有毒物质的风险。我们观察到纳米效应可以受到诸如尺寸、化学成分、氧化态、形状、表面化学、输送系统、暴露时间和浓度等影响因素的限制。浓度与暴露时间之间存在交互作用，是影响玉米耐硝性的重要因素。基于Zn、Ti、Ag、Fe、Mg、Se和HA的NMs增强了吸胀和养分吸收，促进了活性氧（ROS）的产生，并刺激了代谢活性。在生长过程中，NMs可以上调与必需代谢过程相关的基因，并且还可以缓解非生物和生物胁迫。这一综述为纳米技术在优化玉米生产中的作用提供了重要的见解。然而，它也强调了进一步研究的必要性，以充分了解这一作用，确定研究空白，并为这一快速发展的领域的未来研究提出方向。

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引用次数: 0

ZnO nanoparticles enhance growth and essential oil content and composition in German chamomile by modulating antioxidant activity ZnO纳米颗粒通过调节抗氧化活性促进德国洋甘菊的生长和精油含量和成分

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100246

Kazhal Address , Majid Bagnazari , Afsaneh Azizi

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a key medicinal and aromatic plant valued for its bioactive compounds across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Optimizing the synthesis of these metabolites requires efficient nutrient management. Although zinc is an essential micronutrient involved in plant metabolism, the comparative effects of bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on chamomile growth and phytochemical accumulation remain unclear. This study examined the effects of foliar-applied ZnO and ZnONPs (0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L⁻¹) on growth traits, physiological responses, and essential oil yield and composition. Zinc treatments significantly shifted secondary metabolite profiles, and several compounds absent in the control emerged following Zn application. ZnONPs at 80 mg L⁻¹ markedly increased bisabolol oxide A and artemisia ketone, while 160 mg L⁻¹ enhanced spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-trans-bergamotenol, and (E)-β-famesene—compounds with known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Overall, ZnONPs outperformed bulk ZnO, with 80 mg L⁻¹ producing the greatest improvements in growth, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and essential oil content, while both 80 and 160 mg L⁻¹ optimized essential oil composition. These results demonstrate the strong potential of ZnONPs as a targeted strategy to enhance growth and high-value secondary metabolites in the plant.

德国洋甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla L.）是一种重要的药用和芳香植物，其生物活性化合物在制药，化妆品和食品工业中具有重要价值。优化这些代谢物的合成需要有效的营养管理。虽然锌是参与植物代谢的一种必需微量营养素，但散装氧化锌（ZnO）和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）对洋甘菊生长和植物化学物质积累的比较效应尚不清楚。本研究考察了叶面施用ZnO和ZnONPs（0、20、40、80和160 mg L -⁻¹）对生长性状、生理反应、精油产量和成分的影响。锌处理显著改变了次生代谢物谱，并且在锌处理后出现了几种在对照中不存在的化合物。ZnONPs在80 mg L -⁻¹ 显著增加了氧化比abolol A和青蒿酮，而160 mg L -⁻¹ 增强了spathulenol， α-氧化比abolol B， α-反式佛手柑烯醇和(E)-β-famesene -化合物，具有已知的抗氧化和抗菌特性。总体而言，ZnONPs优于普通ZnO， 80 mg L⁻¹ 在生长、酚类物质、类黄酮、花青素和精油含量方面产生最大的改善，而80和160 mg L⁻¹ 都优化了精油成分。这些结果表明，ZnONPs作为促进植物生长和高价值次生代谢产物的靶向策略具有强大的潜力。

{"title":"ZnO nanoparticles enhance growth and essential oil content and composition in German chamomile by modulating antioxidant activity","authors":"Kazhal Address , Majid Bagnazari , Afsaneh Azizi","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>German chamomile (<em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L.) is a key medicinal and aromatic plant valued for its bioactive compounds across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Optimizing the synthesis of these metabolites requires efficient nutrient management. Although zinc is an essential micronutrient involved in plant metabolism, the comparative effects of bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on chamomile growth and phytochemical accumulation remain unclear. This study examined the effects of foliar-applied ZnO and ZnONPs (0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L⁻¹) on growth traits, physiological responses, and essential oil yield and composition. Zinc treatments significantly shifted secondary metabolite profiles, and several compounds absent in the control emerged following Zn application. ZnONPs at 80 mg L⁻¹ markedly increased bisabolol oxide A and artemisia ketone, while 160 mg L⁻¹ enhanced spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-trans-bergamotenol, and (<em>E</em>)-β-famesene—compounds with known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Overall, ZnONPs outperformed bulk ZnO, with 80 mg L⁻¹ producing the greatest improvements in growth, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and essential oil content, while both 80 and 160 mg L⁻¹ optimized essential oil composition. These results demonstrate the strong potential of ZnONPs as a targeted strategy to enhance growth and high-value secondary metabolites in the plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TiO2 nanoparticles reprogram cellular metabolism to mitigate UV-B-induced oxidative stress in lettuce 二氧化钛纳米颗粒重编程细胞代谢以减轻紫外线b诱导的生菜氧化应激

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100259

Hamideh Ghaffari , Sajad Hussain , Marek Kovar , Maria Barboricova , Dominika Mlynarikova Vysoka , Marek Zivcak , Jana Ferencova , Yuanfang Fan , Xinghong Yang , Milan Skalicky , Marian Brestic

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) represent a promising nanobiotechnology approach for enhancing plant resilience to environmental stressors. This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying TiO₂ NPs protect lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) from UV-B radiation. The lettuce was grown under controlled conditions and exposed to supplemental UV-B irradiation. Using TiO₂ NP concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 mg/L under controlled UV-B exposure, we investigated plant stress responses through interactions at the nano-bio interface. TiO₂ NP treatment orchestrated a comprehensive cellular defense mechanism through modulation of specific antioxidant enzyme networks. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced, resulting in a significant reduction in the oxidative stress markers, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. This antioxidant activation was coupled with TiO₂ NP-mediated enhancement of photosynthesis as evidenced by higher electron transport rates and net photosynthesis levels, particularly at the 200 mg/L concentration. TiO₂ NPs treatment triggered coordinated metabolic reprogramming, simultaneously upregulating photoprotective pigments (chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and stress-responsive secondary metabolites (flavonoids and anthocyanins). This multi-layered protection system demonstrated quantifiable physiological benefits, with complete restoration of shoot biomass under UV-B stress conditions. Our data demonstrate that TiO₂ NPs act as multifunctional stress-mitigating agents through precise modulation of cellular redox homeostasis and photosynthetic efficiency. This nanomaterial approach offers significant potential for engineering effective methods of next-generation crop protection and sustainable agriculture in high-UV environments.

二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒（NPs）是一种很有前途的纳米生物技术方法，可以增强植物对环境胁迫的适应能力。本研究阐明了TiO2 NPs保护生菜（Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa）免受UV-B辐射的分子机制。生菜在受控条件下生长，并暴露于补充UV-B照射下。在受控UV-B照射下，TiO2 NP浓度分别为0、100和200 mg/L，研究了植物在纳米生物界面上的相互作用对胁迫的响应。TiO2 NP处理通过调节特定的抗氧化酶网络，策划了一个全面的细胞防御机制。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性增强，导致氧化应激标志物过氧化氢和丙二醛显著降低。这种抗氧化活性与TiO2 np介导的光合作用增强相结合，证明了更高的电子传递速率和净光合作用水平，特别是在200 mg/L浓度下。TiO2 NPs处理触发了协调的代谢重编程，同时上调光保护色素（叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素）和应激反应次级代谢物（类黄酮和花青素）。这种多层保护系统显示出可量化的生理效益，在UV-B胁迫条件下，茎部生物量完全恢复。我们的数据表明，TiO2 NPs通过精确调节细胞氧化还原稳态和光合效率，作为多功能的应激缓解剂。这种纳米材料方法为高紫外线环境下下一代作物保护和可持续农业的有效工程方法提供了巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0