Role of miRNAs in regulating virus replication

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Animal Gene Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.angen.2023.200162

Sakshi Pandita , Assim Verma , Naveen Kumar

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. In addition to being encoded by the host cells, miRNAs are also encoded by certain DNA and RNA viruses, blurring the lines between host and viral genetic regulation. This duality allows miRNAs to assume both antiviral and proviral roles in the viral life cycle. Furthermore, miRNAs exert profound influence over immune responses, viral latency, host susceptibility to infections, cellular differentiations and pathways governing programmed cell death. In this comprehensive discussion, we delve into the current state of knowledge regarding miRNAs, including the diverse types of miRNAs, such as canonical and viral miRNAs, and explore their multifaceted roles in virus replication, pathogenesis, and immune modulation. This exploration enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay between viruses and their host organisms and encompasses various other RNA molecules that contribute to this dynamic landscape.

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miRNA在调节病毒复制中的作用

微小RNA（miRNA）是一种短的非编码RNA，在基因表达调控中发挥重要作用。miRNA除了由宿主细胞编码外，还由某些DNA和RNA病毒编码，模糊了宿主和病毒基因调控之间的界限。这种双重性使miRNA在病毒生命周期中承担抗病毒和前病毒作用。此外，miRNA对免疫反应、病毒潜伏时间、宿主对感染的易感性、细胞分化和控制程序性细胞死亡的途径有着深远的影响。在这场全面的讨论中，我们深入研究了有关miRNA的知识现状，包括各种类型的miRNA，如经典miRNA和病毒miRNA，并探讨了它们在病毒复制、发病机制和免疫调节中的多方面作用。这一探索增强了我们对病毒及其宿主生物之间复杂相互作用的理解，并涵盖了其他各种有助于这一动态景观的RNA分子。

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Animal Gene Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science

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期刊介绍： Gene Reports publishes papers that focus on the regulation, expression, function and evolution of genes in all biological contexts, including all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, as well as viruses. Gene Reports strives to be a very diverse journal and topics in all fields will be considered for publication. Although not limited to the following, some general topics include: DNA Organization, Replication & Evolution -Focus on genomic DNA (chromosomal organization, comparative genomics, DNA replication, DNA repair, mobile DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA). Expression & Function - Focus on functional RNAs (microRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation) Regulation - Focus on processes that mediate gene-read out (epigenetics, chromatin, histone code, transcription, translation, protein degradation). Cell Signaling - Focus on mechanisms that control information flow into the nucleus to control gene expression (kinase and phosphatase pathways controlled by extra-cellular ligands, Wnt, Notch, TGFbeta/BMPs, FGFs, IGFs etc.) Profiling of gene expression and genetic variation - Focus on high throughput approaches (e.g., DeepSeq, ChIP-Seq, Affymetrix microarrays, proteomics) that define gene regulatory circuitry, molecular pathways and protein/protein networks. Genetics - Focus on development in model organisms (e.g., mouse, frog, fruit fly, worm), human genetic variation, population genetics, as well as agricultural and veterinary genetics. Molecular Pathology & Regenerative Medicine - Focus on the deregulation of molecular processes in human diseases and mechanisms supporting regeneration of tissues through pluripotent or multipotent stem cells.