Legal and Policy Issues of Export Control in Commercial Space Internationalisation and China’s Response

Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI:10.1007/s42423-023-00139-7

Jie Long, Jia’ni Zheng, Yang Zhou

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Abstract

International cooperation in commercial space is an effective way to optimise the space industry and maximise the interests of all parties. China’s commercial space industry started relatively late, and China is also actively seeking cooperation. However, some developed countries, including the United States, have strictly controlled the export of space-related goods, technology and services through Missile Technology Control Regime, the Wassenaar Arrangement and related domestic laws. In addition, China’s export control regulations related to the space industry are scattered and lack unified applicable rules, which is not conducive to potential commercial space internationalisation. China needs to establish a comprehensive, scientific and practical legal regime and policy support mechanism for the export control of space-related items. Meanwhile, China should participate more in the international multilateral export control system and break through the bottleneck of international cooperation in commercial space through transparency, mutual trust and reciprocity.

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商业空间国际化中出口管制的法律政策问题及中国对策

商业空间国际合作是优化航天产业、实现各方利益最大化的有效途径。中国的商业航天事业起步较晚，中国也在积极寻求合作。然而，包括美国在内的一些发达国家通过导弹技术管制制度、瓦森纳安排和相关国内法严格控制了与空间有关的货物、技术和服务的出口。此外，中国与航天工业相关的出口管制法规分散，缺乏统一的适用规则，不利于潜在的商业航天国际化。中国需要建立全面、科学、务实的空间物项出口管制法律制度和政策支持机制。同时，中国应更多地参与国际多边出口管制体系，通过透明、互信和互惠，突破商业领域国际合作的瓶颈。

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