Nanomechanics of minerals: understandings and developments through instrumented nanoindentation techniques

IF 1.2 4区 地球科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Physics and Chemistry of Minerals Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI:10.1007/s00269-023-01235-8
Rajiv Mukherjee, Santanu Misra
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Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of the lithosphere relies heavily on the scale-dependent rheology of minerals. While quartz, feldspar, and phyllosilicates are the key phases to govern the rheology of the crust and tectonic margins, olivine and other mafic phases control the same in the upper mantle. Phase transition, solid-state substitution, polymorphism, etc. also affect mineral phase rheology. High pressure–temperature deformation tests with natural, synthetic and analog materials have improved our interpretation of the geodynamic state of the lithosphere. However, deforming and studying a single crystal is not easy, because of the scarcity of specimens and laborious sample preparations. Experimental micro- to nanoindentation at room and/or elevated temperatures has proven to be a convenient method over mesoscale compressive testing. Micro- to nanoindentation technique enables higher precision, faster data acquisition and ultra-high resolution (nanoscale) load and displacement. Hardness, elastic moduli, yield stress, fracture toughness, fracture surface energy and rate-dependent creep of mono- or polycrystalline minerals are evaluated using this technique. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of micro- to nano-mechanics of minerals. We first cover the fundamental theories of instrumented indentation, experimental procedures, pre- and post-indentation interpretations using various existing models followed by a detailed discussion on the application of nanoindentation in understanding the rheology and deformation mechanisms of various minerals commonly occur in the crust and upper mantle. We also address some of the major limitations of indentation tests (e.g., indentation size effect). Finally, we suggest potential future research areas in mineral rheology using instrumented indentation.

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矿物的纳米力学:通过仪器纳米压痕技术的理解和发展
了解岩石圈的动力学在很大程度上依赖于矿物的尺度流变性。石英、长石和层状硅酸盐是控制地壳和构造边缘流变的关键相,而橄榄石和其他基性相在上地幔中也起着同样的作用。相变、固态取代、多态等也会影响矿物的相流变。用天然材料、合成材料和模拟材料进行的高压-高温变形试验改进了我们对岩石圈地球动力学状态的解释。然而,变形和研究单晶并不容易,因为样品稀缺和样品制备工作费力。在室温和/或高温下的实验微纳米压痕已被证明是一种比中尺度压缩测试更方便的方法。微到纳米压痕技术可以实现更高的精度,更快的数据采集和超高分辨率(纳米级)负载和位移。硬度,弹性模量,屈服应力,断裂韧性,断裂表面能和速率依赖蠕变的单晶或多晶矿物使用该技术进行评估。在这里,我们提出了一个综合评估的微观到纳米力学的矿物。我们首先介绍了仪器压痕的基本理论、实验过程、利用各种现有模型对压痕前后的解释,然后详细讨论了纳米压痕在理解地壳和上地幔中常见的各种矿物的流变和变形机制中的应用。我们还讨论了压痕测试的一些主要限制(例如,压痕尺寸效应)。最后,我们提出了利用仪器压痕研究矿物流变学的潜在未来研究领域。
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来源期刊
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 地学-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
14.30%
发文量
43
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals is an international journal devoted to publishing articles and short communications of physical or chemical studies on minerals or solids related to minerals. The aim of the journal is to support competent interdisciplinary work in mineralogy and physics or chemistry. Particular emphasis is placed on applications of modern techniques or new theories and models to interpret atomic structures and physical or chemical properties of minerals. Some subjects of interest are: -Relationships between atomic structure and crystalline state (structures of various states, crystal energies, crystal growth, thermodynamic studies, phase transformations, solid solution, exsolution phenomena, etc.) -General solid state spectroscopy (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, Raman, ESCA, luminescence, X-ray, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, gamma ray resonance, etc.) -Experimental and theoretical analysis of chemical bonding in minerals (application of crystal field, molecular orbital, band theories, etc.) -Physical properties (magnetic, mechanical, electric, optical, thermodynamic, etc.) -Relations between thermal expansion, compressibility, elastic constants, and fundamental properties of atomic structure, particularly as applied to geophysical problems -Electron microscopy in support of physical and chemical studies -Computational methods in the study of the structure and properties of minerals -Mineral surfaces (experimental methods, structure and properties)
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