Rheological behavior of blood in Wistar rats with different total cholesterol levels

Abstract

Blood is a rheologically complex suspension, in which the soluble fraction contains proteins, total cholesterol and triglycerides. The blood rheological behavior is strongly affected by the concentration of these components. This work evaluates the total cholesterol effect on the rheological behavior of Wistar rat blood by means of an in vitro study. Twenty-one rats were divided into 3 groups, each one had an assigned diet with different fat content: reference group (RG) with 3%, medium fat content group (MG) with 4.5% and high-fat content group (HG) with 6.5%; in the latter group, mixed-vegetable fat was added. From each group, intraocular representative blood samples were taken with time lapse of 15 days between each sampling followed by biochemical and hemo-rheological tests. The first analysis detected changes in total cholesterol levels, attributed to the rat metabolism, formation of adipose tissue and competition for food. The second test consisted in steady simple-shear and linear oscillatory flow. The linear viscoelastic spectra reveal that the viscous modulus is larger than the elastic modulus (Gʺ > G′), with simple-shear viscosity exhibiting shear-thinning behavior. An important finding is a pseudo-solid-like behavior at low frequencies (1 rad/s) akin to the presence of yield stresses in the high-fat content group after 30 days, revealing strong interactions between total cholesterol levels and blood cells. The hemo-rheological tests represent a promising alternative to identify pathologies present in the blood (total cholesterol, digestive problems, and diabetes).