MicroRNAs and its emerging role as breast cancer diagnostic marker- A review

Abstract

Breast cancer causes severe mental stress on the affected woman during investigation, diagnosis and treatment as breast is regarded as a symbol of beauty, sexuality and motherhood. Over and above the primary function of feeding infant, breast symbolizes womanhood and serves as sexual object. Current biomedical research investigations have explored several potential breast cancer (BC) biomarker by utilizing serum proteins, natural oncogenic genes during improvement in molecular technologies as microarray and RNA/DNASeq. Recently smallest noncoding microRNAs are becoming the essential regulators in the oncogenesis pathways and they can act as handy noninvasive clinical diagnostic biomarkers. This newly introduced class of noninvasive biomarkers is rising as a new molecule for the cancer diagnosis and prognosis. A better understanding is the involvement of miRNAs in breast carcinogenesis can make available insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and could help to discover novel early potent noninvasive markers for early detection of breast Cancer. In recent clinical research the discovery of miRNAs in body fluids, such as serum and plasma opens the possibility of using them as noninvasive biomarkers of disease including breast cancer. Here in this review, we summarize the recent research studies supporting the utility of miRNAs as novel early diagnostic and prognostic tool. Thus, here we bring in potential future early stage detection strategies for breast cancer, which indicate the practicality and clinical applications of miRNAs in breast cancer.