Advances in biomarker sciences and technology最新文献

In vivo multi-omics evaluation of ellagic Acid–Gold nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini for glycemic improvement and β-cell preservation in type 2 diabetic mice 鸢尾鞣花酸-金纳米颗粒对2型糖尿病小鼠血糖改善和β细胞保存的体内多组学评价

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.007

Muhammad Waqas , Hafiz Muhammad Javed , Muhammad Faisal Khan , Iqra Batool , Tehmina Saddique , Khadija Munir , Razia Bashir

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge, affecting over 537 million adults worldwide and this number is expected to rise 783 million by 2045, underscoring the need for improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated ellagic-acid-loaded gold nanoparticles (EA-AuNPs) prepared from Syzygium cumini seed extract as a potential antidiabetic intervention. EA-AuNPs exhibited a spherical morphology with an average size of 68.4 ± 5.2 nm, zeta potential of −24.6 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 81.3 ± 2.7 %, indicating stability and optimal drug-loading capacity. In vivo testing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (n = 40) revealed that EA-AuNPs (25 mg/kg, orally, for 28 days) reduced fasting blood glucose by 68.3 % (p < 0.001) and HbA1c by 43.5 % (p < 0.01), while enhancing serum insulin by 2.8-fold. Histological assessment showed restoration of islet morphology with an increase in β-cell area, consistent with protective and recovery-associated effects. Multi-omics analyses supported modulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, including PI3K/AKT, AMPK, and NF-κB, consistent with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced oxidative stress (MDA ↓52.4 %, SOD ↑2.1-fold). Collectively, these findings suggest that EA-AuNPs may offer a promising nanophytochemical approach for managing Type 2 diabetes, warranting further mechanistic and translational investigation.

糖尿病仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，影响着全世界5.37亿多成年人，预计到2045年这一数字将增加7.83亿，这突出表明需要改进治疗策略。在这项研究中，我们合成并评估了从西洋参种子提取物中制备的鞣花酸负载金纳米颗粒（EA-AuNPs）作为潜在的抗糖尿病干预措施。EA-AuNPs呈球形，平均粒径为68.4±5.2 nm， zeta电位为- 24.6 mV，包封效率为81.3±2.7%，具有良好的稳定性和最佳的载药量。对链脲霉素诱导的糖尿病小鼠（n = 40）的体内试验显示，EA-AuNPs （25 mg/kg，口服，28天）使空腹血糖降低68.3% (p < 0.001)，使糖化血红蛋白降低43.5% (p < 0.01)，使血清胰岛素提高2.8倍。组织学评估显示胰岛形态的恢复与β细胞面积的增加，符合保护和恢复相关的作用。多组学分析支持代谢和炎症途径的调节，包括PI3K/AKT、AMPK和NF-κB，与改善葡萄糖稳态和降低氧化应激（MDA↓52.4%,SOD↑2.1倍）一致。总的来说，这些发现表明EA-AuNPs可能为治疗2型糖尿病提供了一种有前途的纳米植物化学方法，值得进一步的机制和转化研究。

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引用次数: 0

FRF-HHO: Early ovarian cancer prediction using explainable fuzzy random forest optimized by Harris Hawks algorithm FRF-HHO：利用Harris Hawks算法优化的可解释模糊随机森林进行卵巢癌早期预测

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.003

K.M. Yeaser Arafat, Ahmed Hossain, Mushfika Ikfat, Md. Areful Amin, Kazi Tanvir, Dipta Gomes, Mahfujur Rahman

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, largely due to delayed diagnosis and the absence of reliable early screening tools. This study proposes an interpretable machine learning framework that integrates Fuzzy Random Forest (FRF) with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) for early ovarian cancer prediction using routine clinical data. The analysis was conducted on a publicly available dataset comprising 349 patient records with 51 clinical and biochemical features. To mitigate overfitting and data leakage, Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), preprocessing, and SMOTE–Tomek balancing were applied exclusively within the training data. A total of 31 relevant biomarkers were selected for model development. The HHO-optimized FRF achieved an accuracy of 94.12%, precision of 91.43%, recall of 96.07%, and an F1-score of 93.69%, outperforming several baseline ensemble and gradient boosting models evaluated under identical experimental conditions. Model interpretability was enhanced through SHAP and LIME analyses, which consistently identified AFP, HE4, CA125, and Age as influential predictors, aligning with established clinical knowledge. The high recall indicates strong sensitivity to cancer cases, an essential requirement for diagnostic support. Despite encouraging performance, the study is limited by its moderate sample size and a retrospective design. Consequently, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary. Future work will focus on validation using larger, multi-center cohorts and prospective studies to assess generalizability and clinical scalability.

卵巢癌仍然是最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，很大程度上是由于延迟诊断和缺乏可靠的早期筛查工具。本研究提出了一种可解释的机器学习框架，该框架将模糊随机森林（FRF）与哈里斯老鹰优化（HHO）相结合，用于使用常规临床数据进行早期卵巢癌预测。该分析是在一个公开的数据集上进行的，该数据集包括349例患者记录，具有51个临床和生化特征。为了减轻过拟合和数据泄漏，在训练数据中专门应用了交叉验证递归特征消除（RFECV）、预处理和SMOTE-Tomek平衡。共选择31个相关生物标志物进行模型开发。hho优化后的FRF准确率为94.12%，精密度为91.43%，召回率为96.07%，f1评分为93.69%，优于在相同实验条件下评估的几种基线集合和梯度增强模型。通过SHAP和LIME分析增强了模型的可解释性，结果一致认为AFP、HE4、CA125和Age是有影响的预测因子，与已有的临床知识一致。高召回率表明对癌症病例有很强的敏感性，这是诊断支持的基本要求。尽管研究结果令人鼓舞，但受限于样本大小适中和回顾性设计。因此，调查结果应被解释为初步的。未来的工作将集中在验证使用更大的，多中心队列和前瞻性研究，以评估普遍性和临床可扩展性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a metabolic link between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk: A cardiometabolic perspective 探索三甲胺n -氧化物（TMAO）作为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和心血管风险之间的代谢联系：心脏代谢的角度

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.004

Mohit , Sheetal Verma , Jyoti Bajpai

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition that obstructs the upper airway during sleep, inducing intermittent hypoxia that affects the host metabolism, and is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. The bidirectional link between host immunometabolism and the cardiovascular system connects with the gut microbiome and has emerged as a research interest in recent years. The gut microbiota is recognized as a potential contributor of OSA related comorbidities, including cardiovascular risk. Recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in gut microbial composition are associated with OSA and intermittent hypoxia. Remarkably, the gut-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a putative metabolic link in OSA-associated cardiometabolic risk. In case of OSA, the dysregulated gut metabolic axis may elevate TMAO, which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, experimental studies suggest that hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which catalyzes TMAO production, may be influenced by hypoxia-responsive metabolic pathways, raising the possibility that OSA could affect not only the gut microbiome but also host enzymatic regulation. This perspective will enhance and promote gut microbial-based sleep research, particularly targeted TMAO for the potential risk assessment and as a cardiometabolic marker in OSA. We propose that TMAO may hold potential as a cardiometabolic biomarker in OSA, warranting further validation.

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种在睡眠过程中阻碍上呼吸道，引起间歇性缺氧，影响宿主代谢，并与肠道微生物群失调有关的疾病。宿主免疫代谢和心血管系统之间的双向联系与肠道微生物群有关，近年来已成为研究热点。肠道微生物群被认为是OSA相关合并症的潜在因素，包括心血管风险。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物组成的改变与OSA和间歇性缺氧有关。值得注意的是，肠道衍生代谢物三甲胺n -氧化物（TMAO）已被认为是osa相关心脏代谢风险的代谢联系。在OSA的情况下，失调的肠道代谢轴可能升高TMAO，这可能导致内皮功能障碍和心血管风险。有趣的是，实验研究表明，催化氧化三甲胺生成的肝含黄素单加氧酶3 （FMO3）可能受到缺氧反应代谢途径的影响，这就提出了OSA不仅影响肠道微生物群，还影响宿主酶调节的可能性。这一观点将加强和促进以肠道微生物为基础的睡眠研究，特别是针对TMAO进行潜在风险评估和作为OSA的心脏代谢标志物。我们认为氧化三甲胺可能有潜力作为OSA的心脏代谢生物标志物，需要进一步验证。

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引用次数: 0

Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in improving gut health for the prevention of type 2 diabetes 嗜粘杆菌在改善肠道健康和预防2型糖尿病中的作用

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.002

Saranyadevi Subburaj , Selva Kumar Thirumalaisamy , Jisha Jacob , Princy Vijayababu

Chronic inflammation, gut microbial dysbiosis, and metabolic dysregulation are closely interrelated and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, a long-recognized global health problem. Akkermansia muciniphila has been identified as a predominant bacterial species that plays a crucial role in maintaining gut homeostasis. This mucin-degrading gram-negative bacterium stimulates mucus production and enhances the expression of tight junction proteins, thereby maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. Moreover, it helps to prevent metabolic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, which are the key factors contributing to the progression of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. This process plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Research has indicated that a higher level of A. muciniphila is associated with improved metabolic health, while a lack of it is linked to insulin resistance and obesity. Potential treatments for type 2 diabetes include probiotic therapy, polyphenol-rich diets, and prebiotic supplements that increase A. muciniphila levels. This review emphasizes the potential of A. muciniphila as a novel microbiome-directed strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases as well as its complex role in gut health. Targeted modulation of the gut microbiota may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by improving intestinal barrier function, lowering metabolic endotoxemia, and suppressing chronic inflammation.

慢性炎症、肠道微生物生态失调和代谢失调密切相关，在2型糖尿病的发病机制中发挥重要作用，这是一个长期公认的全球性健康问题。嗜粘液阿克曼氏菌已被确定为在维持肠道稳态中起关键作用的主要细菌物种。这种降解黏液的革兰氏阴性细菌刺激黏液产生并增强紧密连接蛋白的表达，从而维持肠道屏障的完整性。此外，它有助于防止代谢性内毒素血症和全身性炎症，这是促进2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗进展的关键因素。这一过程在维持肠道屏障的完整性方面起着至关重要的作用。研究表明，较高水平的嗜粘杆菌与改善代谢健康有关，而缺乏嗜粘杆菌则与胰岛素抵抗和肥胖有关。2型糖尿病的潜在治疗方法包括益生菌治疗、富含多酚的饮食和增加嗜粘杆菌水平的益生元补充剂。这篇综述强调了嗜muciniphila作为一种新的微生物组指导策略治疗代谢性疾病的潜力，以及它在肠道健康中的复杂作用。有针对性地调节肠道微生物群可能通过改善肠道屏障功能、降低代谢性内毒素血症和抑制慢性炎症来降低2型糖尿病的风险。

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引用次数: 0

In silico analysis of Coenzyme Q10 interaction with the heme-hemoglobin complex: Implications for oxidative stress and inflammation in severe malaria 辅酶Q10与血红蛋白复合物相互作用的计算机分析：对严重疟疾的氧化应激和炎症的影响

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.001

David B. Ouko , Fredrick M. Musila , Peris W. Amwayi , Victoria K. Mwaeni , Dickson B. Kinyanyi , Grace W. Gitau , Alfred Orina Isaac , James Nyabuga Nyariki

Background

Plasmodium falciparum, the primary causative agent of severe malaria, catabolizes hemoglobin to obtain nutrients, resulting in the accumulation of toxic free heme. To mitigate this toxicity, the parasite converts heme into inert hemozoin. Chloroquine inhibits this detoxification process, leading to the buildup of free heme and exacerbating oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may counteract malaria-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its molecular interactions with key biomolecules remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the potential molecular interactions of Coenzyme Q10 with heme and hemoglobin using an in silico approach.

Material and methods

The study involved molecular docking of Coenzyme Q10 on heme-hemoglobin, ADMET studies of Coenzyme Q10 and molecular dynamic simulations of Coenzyme Q10-heme-hemoglobin complex.

Results

Coenzyme Q10 has favorable ADMET properties and positively interacts with the heme group and some amino acids of the hemoglobin, forming a stable complex, though its ADMET profile presents challenges such as poor solubility. These findings demonstrate that Coenzyme Q10 can reduce the degradation of hemoglobin via direct interaction, subsequently regulating heme build-up.

Conclusion

This study identifies potential molecular interactions between Coenzyme Q10 and heme–hemoglobin complexes based on computational analyses, providing molecular-level insights which may infer functional or therapeutic outcomes.

恶性疟原虫（plasmodium falciparum）是重症疟疾的主要病原体，它通过分解血红蛋白来获取营养，从而导致有毒的游离血红素的积累。为了减轻这种毒性，寄生虫将血红素转化为惰性血色素。氯喹抑制这种解毒过程，导致游离血红素的积累，加剧氧化应激。最近的研究表明，辅酶Q10 （CoQ10）可能抵消疟疾引起的氧化应激和炎症。然而，其与关键生物分子的相互作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在利用计算机方法评估辅酶Q10与血红素和血红蛋白的潜在分子相互作用。材料与方法研究包括辅酶Q10在血红蛋白血红蛋白上的分子对接、辅酶Q10的ADMET研究以及辅酶Q10-血红蛋白复合物的分子动力学模拟。结果酶Q10具有良好的ADMET特性，可与血红蛋白的血红素基团和部分氨基酸正相互作用，形成稳定的复合物，但其ADMET特性存在溶解度差等问题。这些发现表明，辅酶Q10可以通过直接相互作用减少血红蛋白的降解，随后调节血红素的积累。本研究基于计算分析确定了辅酶Q10和血红蛋白复合物之间潜在的分子相互作用，为推测功能或治疗结果提供了分子水平的见解。

{"title":"In silico analysis of Coenzyme Q10 interaction with the heme-hemoglobin complex: Implications for oxidative stress and inflammation in severe malaria","authors":"David B. Ouko , Fredrick M. Musila , Peris W. Amwayi , Victoria K. Mwaeni , Dickson B. Kinyanyi , Grace W. Gitau , Alfred Orina Isaac , James Nyabuga Nyariki","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, the primary causative agent of severe malaria, catabolizes hemoglobin to obtain nutrients, resulting in the accumulation of toxic free heme. To mitigate this toxicity, the parasite converts heme into inert hemozoin. Chloroquine inhibits this detoxification process, leading to the buildup of free heme and exacerbating oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may counteract malaria-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its molecular interactions with key biomolecules remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the potential molecular interactions of Coenzyme Q10 with heme and hemoglobin using an in silico approach.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study involved molecular docking of Coenzyme Q10 on heme-hemoglobin, ADMET studies of Coenzyme Q10 and molecular dynamic simulations of Coenzyme Q10-heme-hemoglobin complex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coenzyme Q10 has favorable ADMET properties and positively interacts with the heme group and some amino acids of the hemoglobin, forming a stable complex, though its ADMET profile presents challenges such as poor solubility. These findings demonstrate that Coenzyme Q10 can reduce the degradation of hemoglobin via direct interaction, subsequently regulating heme build-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identifies potential molecular interactions between Coenzyme Q10 and heme–hemoglobin complexes based on computational analyses, providing molecular-level insights which may infer functional or therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of withacoagulin from Withania coagulans for glycemic improvement and β-cell preservation in a type 2 diabetic model 在2型糖尿病模型中，从薇兰中提取的凝血素对血糖改善和β细胞保存的评价

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2025.12.008

Muhammad Waqas , Muhammad Umar Farooq , Tehmina Saddique , Ali Raza , Muhammad Tayyab , Razia Bashir

Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a global health emergency, with existing therapies often failing to achieve durable glycemic control or preserve pancreatic β-cell function. In this study, we isolated and purified withacoagulin, a novel withanolide from Withania coagulans, confirmed by NMR, MS, FTIR, and HPLC (>98 % purity). A total of 72 male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups (n = 12 per group): normal control, diabetic control (streptozotocin–nicotinamide), metformin (100 mg/kg), insulin (4 U/kg), and withacoagulin at 10, and 20 mg/kg. Twelve weeks of oral withacoagulin administration resulted in significant improvements in glycemic control, including a 62 % reduction in fasting blood glucose and a 65 % decrease in HbA1c relative to diabetic controls (p < 0.001). These effects were accompanied by marked improvements in insulin sensitivity, evidenced by reduced HOMA-IR and increased QUICKI indices. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated preservation of pancreatic islet morphology and enhanced insulin immunoreactivity in treated animals. Dyslipidemia was corrected, oxidative stress markers were improved (↑SOD, ↑CAT, ↑GPx; ↓MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were significantly lowered. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated reactivation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling, increased GLUT4 translocation, and upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation, highlighting a multi-targeted mechanism of action. A 28-day subacute toxicity study conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines indicated no observable hepatic, renal, hematological, or histopathological abnormalities at doses up to 500 mg/kg, establishing a favorable preliminary safety profile. Collectively, these findings provide support for withacoagulin's potential as a mechanistically active natural lead compound for further preclinical development in metabolic disease research.

2型糖尿病仍然是一个全球性的健康紧急事件，现有的治疗方法往往无法实现持久的血糖控制或保持胰腺β细胞功能。在这项研究中，我们分离并纯化了一种新型的withagulin，这是一种从Withania coagulans中分离出来的withagulin，通过NMR， MS， FTIR和HPLC证实（纯度为98%）。将72只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组（每组12只）：正常对照组、糖尿病对照组（链脲-烟酰胺）、二甲双胍组（100 mg/kg）、胰岛素组（4 U/kg）和凝血素组（10、20 mg/kg）。口服凝血素12周后，血糖控制显著改善，与糖尿病对照组相比，空腹血糖降低62%，糖化血红蛋白降低65% （p < 0.001）。这些效果伴随着胰岛素敏感性的显著改善，HOMA-IR降低和QUICKI指数增加证明了这一点。组织学和免疫组织化学分析表明，治疗后的动物胰岛形态得以保存，胰岛素免疫反应性增强。血脂异常得到纠正，氧化应激标志物（↑SOD、↑CAT、↑GPx、↓MDA）得到改善，促炎因子（TNF-α、IL-6）显著降低。机制分析表明，IRS-1/PI3K/Akt信号的再激活，GLUT4易位增加，AMPK磷酸化上调，突出了多靶点的作用机制。根据经合组织指南进行的一项为期28天的亚急性毒性研究表明，在剂量高达500mg /kg时，没有观察到肝脏、肾脏、血液或组织病理学异常，初步建立了良好的安全性。总的来说，这些发现支持了withacagulin作为一种具有机械活性的天然先导化合物的潜力，可以进一步用于代谢性疾病研究的临床前开发。

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引用次数: 0

Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Launaea taraxacifolia extract against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity 蒲公英提取物抗铝致神经毒性及神经保护作用

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2025.12.010

Idorenyin U. Umoren , Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong , Niibari W. Vite

This study evaluated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Sixty-six female Wistar rats were divided into eleven groups, receiving either control treatment, aluminum chloride, donepezil, or different doses/fractions of the plant extract for 21 days. Aluminum chloride significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA). Co-treatment with the ethanol extract, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and n-butanol fractions restored antioxidant defenses and reduced MDA levels, whereas the n-hexane and aqueous fractions showed little effect. These findings indicate that Launaea taraxacifolia contains bioactive compounds with protective effects against oxidative stress and neuronal injury, supporting its potential as a natural neuroprotective agent.

研究了蒲公英叶提取物及其提取物对氯化铝致大鼠神经毒性的抗氧化和神经保护作用。将66只雌性Wistar大鼠分为11组，分别给予对照、氯化铝、多奈哌齐或不同剂量/部位的植物提取物21 d。氯化铝显著降低了抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx）活性，增加了脂质过氧化（MDA）。乙醇提取物、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇组分共处理恢复了抗氧化防御能力，降低了MDA水平，而正己烷和水溶液组分作用不大。这些发现表明，蒲公英含有抗氧化应激和神经损伤的生物活性化合物，支持其作为天然神经保护剂的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Molecular biomarkers and nano-immunopharmacology in inflammatory carcinoma: Bridging mechanisms and therapeutic translation 炎症性癌的分子生物标志物和纳米免疫药理学：桥接机制和治疗翻译

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2025.12.009

Kamlesh Sahu, Trilochan Satapathy, Poonam Sahu, Om Chandrakar

This section delineates the mechanistic framework linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis and critically explains how molecular biomarkers can be rationally exploited through nano-immunopharmacological strategies to enable precision therapy in inflammation-driven cancers. Chronic inflammation serves as a central driver of carcinogenesis, orchestrating tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and therapy resistance through highly intricate molecular networks. Inflammatory carcinomas such as inflammatory breast carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma exhibit distinct gender- and region-specific prevalence, highlighting the dynamic interplay between host biology and tumor-promoting inflammatory micro-environments. At the molecular level, persistent pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, notably IL-6 and TNF-α, in conjunction with activation of transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3, induces genomic instability, epigenetic reprogramming and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collectively driving malignant transformation and aggressive phenotypes. The tumor micro-environment, enriched with immune subsets including tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils and regulatory T cells, potentiates oncogenic signaling and fosters immune evasion. Emerging molecular biomarkers spanning cytokine signatures, immune checkpoints (PD-L1, CTLA-4) and epigenetic indicators offer critical prognostic value and therapeutic guidance. Cutting-edge nano-immunopharmacology enables precise modulation of these inflammatory axes by employing nanocarriers for cytokine inhibitors, immune modulators, RNA therapeutics and CRISPR-based interventions while minimizing systemic toxicity. By integrating mechanistic insights with translational strategies, receptor-guided nano-therapeutics emerge as a transformative approach to precision oncology, promising to redefine treatment paradigms, enhance therapeutic efficacy and overcome resistance in cancers fueled by chronic inflammation.

本节描述了将慢性炎症与致癌联系起来的机制框架，并批判性地解释了如何通过纳米免疫药理学策略合理地利用分子生物标志物来实现炎症驱动癌症的精确治疗。慢性炎症是癌症发生的核心驱动因素，通过高度复杂的分子网络协调肿瘤的发生、进展、转移和治疗耐药性。炎性癌如炎性乳腺癌、肝细胞癌和胆管癌表现出明显的性别和地区特异性患病率，突出了宿主生物学和促肿瘤炎症微环境之间的动态相互作用。在分子水平上，持续的促炎细胞因子信号，特别是IL-6和TNF-α，与转录因子NF-κB和STAT3的激活一起，诱导基因组不稳定、表观遗传重编程和上皮-间质转化，共同驱动恶性转化和侵袭性表型。肿瘤微环境富含免疫亚群，包括肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和调节性T细胞，增强致癌信号并促进免疫逃避。新兴的分子生物标志物跨越细胞因子特征、免疫检查点（PD-L1、CTLA-4）和表观遗传指标，提供了关键的预后价值和治疗指导。尖端的纳米免疫药理学通过使用细胞因子抑制剂、免疫调节剂、RNA疗法和基于crispr的干预的纳米载体，可以精确调节这些炎症轴，同时最大限度地减少全身毒性。通过将机制见解与转化策略相结合，受体引导的纳米治疗成为精确肿瘤学的一种变革性方法，有望重新定义治疗范式，提高治疗效果并克服由慢性炎症引起的癌症的耐药性。

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引用次数: 0

Bioscreening and phytochemical profiling of Phyllanthus niruri endophytic fungi with potential Anti-HCV applications 具有潜在抗hcv应用价值的余甘子内生真菌的生物筛选和植物化学分析

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2025.12.006

Kalyanasundaram Parvatham, Joysingh V. Kishonika Sri, Rajendiran Dharanika, Alagarsamy Atsaya, Velu Rajesh Kannan

This study proposes a novel strategy for antiviral drug discovery by exploring endophytic fungi associated with Phyllanthus niruri, a medicinal plant traditionally recognized for its therapeutic value in liver disorders and viral infections. The research underscores the critical demand for cost-effective therapies for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), particularly in low source settings which represents a major global health challenge with severe consequences like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The research focuses on identifying bioactive fungal metabolites with antiviral potential. Endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissues of P. niruri, followed by solvent extraction of the obtained isolates. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis was carried out to det_ect antiviral compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, and saponins and the antioxidant property was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated strong free-radical scavenging activity, supporting the therapeutic relevance of the extracts. The cytotoxicity assessment of the most promising fungal extract on HepG2 liver cell lines exhibited moderate effects at elevated concentrations, indicating a potential safety margin at lower doses for therapeutic applications. This investigation emphasizes the promise of endophytic fungi from Phyllanthus niruri as a significant source of natural antiviral agents, facilitating the pursuit of alternative treatments for HCV, offering a valuable lead toward the development of cost-effective therapeutic candidates.

本研究提出了一种新的抗病毒药物发现策略，即通过探索与Phyllanthus niruri相关的内生真菌，这种药用植物传统上被认为具有治疗肝脏疾病和病毒感染的价值。该研究强调了对具有成本效益的丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）治疗方法的迫切需求，特别是在低来源环境中，这是一项重大的全球卫生挑战，具有肝硬化和肝细胞癌等严重后果。研究的重点是鉴定具有抗病毒潜力的生物活性真菌代谢物。从尼鲁假单胞菌的不同组织中分离内生真菌，并对分离物进行溶剂提取。全面的植物化学分析检测了木脂素、类黄酮、生物碱、单宁、香豆素和皂苷等抗病毒化合物，并通过DPPH和ABTS测试评估了抗氧化性能，显示出强大的自由基清除活性，支持提取物的治疗相关性。最有希望的真菌提取物对HepG2肝细胞系的细胞毒性评估显示，浓度升高时效果适中，表明低剂量治疗应用具有潜在的安全边际。这项研究强调了Phyllanthus niruri内生真菌作为天然抗病毒药物的重要来源，促进了对HCV替代治疗的追求，为开发具有成本效益的治疗候选药物提供了有价值的线索。

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引用次数: 0

The integration of artificial intelligence and biotechnology in medicine: accelerating novelty in biomarker-targeted discovery and drug delivery systems 人工智能和生物技术在医学中的整合：加速生物标志物靶向发现和药物输送系统的新颖性

Advances in biomarker sciences and technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2025.12.002

Christopher Busayo Olowosoke , Daniel Ogbonnaya Nwankwo , Chinedu Shedrach Izu , Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka

Artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology are two transformative fields converging to benefit STEM because of their reliance on data and models. The tools from both fields have redefined and improved translational performance of laboratory investigations on drug and biomarker-targeted discovery, drug design, drug development and drug delivery for personalized treatment. Although the long term merit of this integration of AI in biotechnology outweighs the demerit but is the current trend suitable and truly applicable for clinical intervention and therapy upgrades. In this article, we indicated how some key AI-biotech research is supporting accelerated novelty in biomarker-targeted discovery and drug delivery system (DDS) for disease management rather than merely incremental changes in 21st century.

人工智能（AI）和生物技术是两个变革性的领域，它们对数据和模型的依赖使STEM受益。来自这两个领域的工具重新定义并改善了针对个性化治疗的药物和生物标志物靶向发现、药物设计、药物开发和药物递送的实验室研究的转化性能。虽然从长远来看，人工智能与生物技术的结合利大于弊，但目前的趋势是适合和真正适用于临床干预和治疗升级。在本文中，我们指出了一些关键的人工智能生物技术研究如何支持生物标志物靶向发现和药物输送系统（DDS）在21世纪加速创新，而不仅仅是渐进式的变化。

引用次数: 0