Comparisons and associations among anthropometric indices of first and second division and assistant soccer referees.

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Frontiers in Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1149779

Meysam Rostamzadeh Samarein, Mohammad Hossein Samanipour, Foad Asjodi, Pooya Shokati, Zanyar Fallahi, Thomas E Brownlee, João Paulo Brito, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Rafael Oliveira

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Abstract

Introduction: Body composition is an important predictor of performance and a key component of health and physical fitness. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare soccer referees of the first and second divisions and field assistant referees from Iran and to analyze associations of a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (ConI), and body mass index (BMI) with body fat percentage (%BF).

Methods: A total of 270 male soccer referees from the first (n = 124) and second (n = 72) divisions and assistant referees (n = 74) participated in this study. Skinfold thickness (measured at the chest, biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, iliac crest, and front thigh), height, weight, hip circumference, and waist circumference were assessed to evaluate waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), %BF, and also ABSI, BRI, BAI, ConI, and AVI according to the ISAK protocol.

Results: The main results indicated differences in WHR, WHtR, ABSI, BRI, AVI, ConI, and BF% with the assistant referees presenting higher values (p < 0.05). When considering the backward selection model, there were some associations with %BF in each group, specifically BMI, BAI, and ABSI in the first division; BMI, WHR, and ABSI in the second division; and BMI in the assistant referee group (all p < 0.05).

Discussion: The present study did not confirm the hypothesis that the first-division referees presented better body composition-related variables than the second division or assistant referees. Instead, it showed that the assistant referees that participated in both divisions showed a tendency to higher values which suggests that the level of division is not a major factor when analyzing body composition.

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一级、二级及助理足球裁判人体测量指标的比较与关联。

简介：身体成分是表现的重要预测因素，也是健康和身体素质的关键组成部分。因此，本研究的目的是比较来自伊朗的一级和二级足球裁判和场地助理裁判，并分析体型指数（ABSI）、体脂指数（BAI）、腹部容积指数（AVI）、体圆度指数（BRI）、锥度指数（ConI），方法：共有270名一级（n=124）、二级（n=72）男足球裁判和助理裁判（n=74）参加了本研究。根据ISAK方案，评估皮褶厚度（在胸部、二头肌、三头肌、肩胛下、腹部、髂嵴和大腿前测量）、身高、体重、臀围和腰围，以评估腰高比（WHtR）、%BF以及ABSI、BRI、BAI、ConI和AVI。结果：主要结果表明，WHR、WHtR、ABSI、BRI、AVI、ConI和BF%存在差异，辅助裁判的评分值较高（p<0.05）。在考虑后向选择模型时，各组的%BF存在一些关联，特别是第一组的BMI、BAI和ABSI；BMI、WHR和ABSI在第二组；讨论：本研究没有证实一级裁判比二级裁判或助理裁判提供更好的身体成分相关变量的假设。相反，研究表明，参加两个赛区的助理裁判都表现出更高的数值趋势，这表明在分析身体成分时，赛区水平不是一个主要因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

13.20%

发文量

7396

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Psychology is the largest journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the psychological sciences, from clinical research to cognitive science, from perception to consciousness, from imaging studies to human factors, and from animal cognition to social psychology. Field Chief Editor Axel Cleeremans at the Free University of Brussels is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. The journal publishes the best research across the entire field of psychology. Today, psychological science is becoming increasingly important at all levels of society, from the treatment of clinical disorders to our basic understanding of how the mind works. It is highly interdisciplinary, borrowing questions from philosophy, methods from neuroscience and insights from clinical practice - all in the goal of furthering our grasp of human nature and society, as well as our ability to develop new intervention methods.