LIBERAL FREEDOM, THE SEPARATION OF POWERS, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1017/S026505252100025X
Eric MacGilvray
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Abstract

Abstract Contemporary critiques of the administrative state are closely bound up with the distinctively American doctrine that republican freedom requires that the legislative, executive, and judicial powers be exercised by separate and distinct branches of government. The burden of this essay is to argue that legislative delegation and judicial deference to the administrative state are necessary, or at least highly desirable, features of a democratic separation of powers regime. I begin by examining the historical and conceptual roots of the separation of powers doctrine, paying particular attention to the unique way in which it was adapted to fit the American case. I then examine three concerns that the resulting constitutional system raises about the republican freedom of those who are subject to it—which I call the accountability, legitimacy, and stability concerns—and argue that the administrative state is a useful, albeit imperfect, tool for reducing the unavoidable tension between these concerns. The thrust of this discussion is to push us away from “in principle” objections to the administrative state, and back toward the kinds of prudential considerations that are associated with ordinary liberal politics. More importantly, the aim of the essay is to encourage sober reflection on the real dangers that face the American constitutional system under current circumstances.
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自由主义的自由,三权分立,以及行政国家
当代对行政国家的批评与美国特有的共和自由原则密切相关,即共和自由要求立法权、行政权和司法权由不同的政府部门行使。本文的主旨在于论证立法授权和对行政国家的司法服从是必要的,或者至少是非常可取的,是民主三权分立制度的特征。我首先考察了三权分立理论的历史和概念根源,特别关注了它被改编以适应美国情况的独特方式。然后,我考察了由此产生的宪法体系所引发的关于受其约束的人的共和自由的三个问题——我称之为问责制、合法性和稳定性问题——并认为行政国家是一个有用的工具,尽管不完美,可以减少这些问题之间不可避免的紧张关系。这一讨论的主旨是将我们从对行政国家的“原则上”反对中推离,回到与普通自由主义政治相关的那种审慎考虑。更重要的是,这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们冷静地反思美国宪法制度在当前环境下面临的真正危险。
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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