ECONOMISTS ON PRIVATE INCENTIVES, ECONOMIC MODELS, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE: THE CLASH BETWEEN HAPPINESS AND THE SO-CALLED PUBLIC GOOD

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1017/S0265052521000261
S. Peart
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Abstract

Abstract This essay examines the administrative state as a ubiquitous phenomenon that results in part from the mismatch of incentives. Using two dramatic episodes in the history of economics, the essay considers two types of mismatch. It then examines how economists increasingly endorsed the “general good” as a unitary goal for society, even at the expense of private hopes and desires. More than this, their procedures and models gave them warrant to design mechanisms and advocate for legislation and regulations to “fix” the supposedly suboptimal choices of individuals in service to the overarching goal. The rise of New Welfare Economics dealt an additional blow to the sovereignty of individual motivations, notwithstanding that Hayek and Buchanan warned that this engineering approach allowed social goals to override individual preferences. Throughout, the argument is that it is important to recognize that people within or advising the administrative state are influenced by the same sorts of (private) motivations as actors throughout the economy.
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私人激励、经济模式和行政国家的经济学家:幸福与所谓的公共利益之间的冲突
摘要本文将行政状态视为一种普遍存在的现象,其部分原因是激励机制的不匹配。本文以经济学史上的两个戏剧性事件为例,研究了两种类型的错配。然后,它考察了经济学家如何越来越多地支持“普遍利益”作为社会的统一目标,甚至以牺牲个人的希望和欲望为代价。不仅如此,他们的程序和模型让他们有理由设计机制,并倡导立法和法规,以“修复”服务于总体目标的个人的所谓次优选择。尽管哈耶克和布坎南警告说,这种工程方法允许社会目标凌驾于个人偏好之上,但新福利经济学的兴起给个人动机的主权带来了额外的打击。贯穿全文的论点是,重要的是要认识到,在行政国家内部或为行政国家提供建议的人,与整个经济中的行动者一样,受到同样类型的(私人)动机的影响。
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期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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