“Real Good and Sincere Catholics”: White Catholicism and Massive Resistance to Desegregation in Chicago, 1965–1968

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY RELIGION AND AMERICAN CULTURE-A JOURNAL OF INTERPRETATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.1017/rac.2020.7
Matthew J. Cressler
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract Although the civil rights movement has long been framed as a pivotal turning point in twentieth-century U.S. religious history, comparatively little attention has been directed to the role of religion in what has been termed “the long segregation movement.” Likewise, Catholic historians tend to emphasize the exceptional few priests, sisters, and lay people committed to interracial justice over and against the majority of white Catholics who either opposed integration or objected to the means by which it would be achieved. This article argues that, in order to fully understand U.S. Catholicism in the twentieth century, scholars must reckon with the ways racial whiteness shaped the Catholicness of white Catholics. It takes as its primary source more than six hundred letters written by white Catholics outraged and disgusted over the Archdiocese of Chicago's apparent support for desegregation between 1965 and 1968. These letters not only illuminate the inseparability of religion and race, but they also reveal that white Catholicism itself operated as a religio-racial formation in the lives of white Catholics. Given the overwhelming white Catholic (and white religious) resistance to integration, this article argues that the long segregation movement and massive resistance to desegregation ought to be included as signal events in the telling of U.S. Catholic and U.S. religious history.
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“真正善良和真诚的天主教徒”:1965-1968年芝加哥白人天主教徒和大规模反种族隔离运动
虽然民权运动一直被认为是20世纪美国宗教史上的关键转折点,但相对而言,很少有人关注宗教在所谓的“长期种族隔离运动”中所起的作用。同样,天主教历史学家倾向于强调少数特殊的牧师、修女和世俗人士致力于种族间的正义,而不是反对大多数白人天主教徒反对种族融合或反对实现种族融合的手段。本文认为,为了全面了解二十世纪的美国天主教,学者们必须考虑到种族白化对白人天主教徒的天主教性的影响。它的主要资料来源是白人天主教徒写的600多封信,这些信是对1965年至1968年间芝加哥大主教管区明显支持废除种族隔离感到愤怒和厌恶的。这些信件不仅阐明了宗教和种族的不可分割性,而且还揭示了白人天主教本身在白人天主教徒的生活中作为一种宗教-种族形式运作。鉴于白人天主教徒(和白人宗教)对种族融合的压倒性抵制,本文认为,在讲述美国天主教和美国宗教史时,应该将长期的种族隔离运动和对废除种族隔离的大规模抵制作为标志性事件。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
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