Water relations and microbial proliferation in vase solutions of Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ as affected by biocide compounds

Abstract

Summary Disruption of cut flower water relations due to the growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the vase solution is one of the most important factors causing reduced vase-life and deterioration in cut flowers. These experiments were conducted to study the effects of some biocides in controlling microbial proliferation in vase solutions and on water relations in cut Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’, a native bulbous cut flower of Iran. The stems of ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ Narcissus cut flowers were exposed to 17 treatments: aluminium sulphate (at 100, 200 or 300 mg l–1), citric acid (at 150, 300 or 450 mg l–1), 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (at 200, 300 or 400 mg l–1), sodium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), calcium hypochlorite (at 400, 600 or 800 mg l–1), sterilised distilled water, or tap water (control). Generally, the least effective compounds in controlling microbial proliferation were low concentrations of aluminium sulphate or citric acid. 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate treatments were most effective, and the vase solution did not contain any microbes until day-6. Vase solution contaminants were yeasts, Bacillus ssp., Staphylococcus ssp., Actinomycetes and Aspergillus ssp. Yeasts and bacilli were the most common microorganisms. Severe symptoms of phytotoxicity such as bud abortion and yellowing in aluminium sulphate-treated flowers, stem proximal-end browning and shrinking in 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate-treated flowers, and bleaching of soaked parts in sodium hypochlorite treatments, were seen. Most solution was taken up in 150 mg l–1 citric acid, while the reduction in fresh weight was least in 200 mg l–1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate. The correlation between microbial counts and growth rate with solution uptake was slightly negative, but their correlation with fresh weight loss was slightly positive.