Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry of the Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources to Carbon Export

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-06-04 DOI:10.1029/2022RG000800
Minhan Dai, Ya-Wei Luo, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Yihua Cai, Zhimian Cao, Fei Chai, Bingzhang Chen, Matthew J. Church, Dongjian Ci, Chuanjun Du, Kunshan Gao, Xianghui Guo, Zhendong Hu, Shuh-Ji Kao, Edward A. Laws, Zhongping Lee, Hongyang Lin, Qian Liu, Xin Liu, Weicheng Luo, Feifei Meng, Shaoling Shang, Dalin Shi, Hiroaki Saito, Luping Song, Xianhui Sean Wan, Yuntao Wang, Wei-Lei Wang, Zuozhu Wen, Peng Xiu, Jing Zhang, Ruifeng Zhang, Kuanbo Zhou
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted surface nutrients, and low biological productivity. Despite tremendous advances over the past three decades, particularly through the Hawaii Ocean Time-series and the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, which have revolutionized our understanding of the biogeochemistry in oligotrophic marine ecosystems, the gyres remain understudied. We review current understanding of upper ocean biogeochemistry in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, considering other subtropical gyres for comparison. We focus our synthesis on spatial variability, which shows larger than expected dynamic ranges of properties such as nutrient concentrations, rates of N2 fixation, and biological production. This review provides new insights into how nutrient sources drive community structure and export in upper subtropical gyres. We examine the euphotic zone (EZ) in subtropical gyres as a two-layered vertically structured system: a nutrient-depleted layer above the top of the nutricline in the well-lit upper ocean and a nutrient-replete layer below in the dimly lit waters. These layers vary in nutrient supply and stoichiometries and physical forcing, promoting differences in community structure and food webs, with direct impacts on the magnitude and composition of export production. We evaluate long-term variations in key biogeochemical parameters in both of these EZ layers. Finally, we identify major knowledge gaps and research challenges in these vast and unique systems that offer opportunities for future studies.

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北太平洋副热带低营养环流的上层海洋生物地球化学:从营养源到碳输出
副热带环流覆盖了世界表面海洋的26%-29%,由于其永久分层、表面营养物质枯竭和生物生产力低下,通常被认为是海洋沙漠。尽管在过去的三十年里取得了巨大的进步,特别是通过夏威夷海洋时间序列和百慕大大西洋时间序列研究,它们彻底改变了我们对低营养海洋生态系统生物地球化学的理解,但环流仍然没有得到充分的研究。我们回顾了目前对北太平洋副热带环流上层海洋生物地球化学的认识,并考虑了其他副热带环流的比较。我们将研究重点放在空间变异性上,空间变异性显示出比预期更大的动态范围,如养分浓度、氮固定率和生物产量。本文综述为副热带上层环流中营养源驱动群落结构和输出提供了新的认识。我们研究了亚热带环流中的光带(EZ)作为一个双层垂直结构系统:在光线充足的上层海洋中,营养线顶部上方的营养枯竭层,在光线昏暗的水域中,营养充足层位于下方。这些层在营养供应、化学计量和物理强迫方面各不相同,促进了群落结构和食物网的差异,对出口生产的规模和组成产生直接影响。我们评估了这两个EZ层的关键生物地球化学参数的长期变化。最后,我们在这些庞大而独特的系统中确定了主要的知识差距和研究挑战,为未来的研究提供了机会。
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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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