Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radars: Status, Challenges, and Ways Forward

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI:10.1029/2019RG000686
Alessandro Battaglia, Pavlos Kollias, Ranvir Dhillon, Richard Roy, Simone Tanelli, Katia Lamer, Mircea Grecu, Matthew Lebsock, Daniel Watters, Kamil Mroz, Gerald Heymsfield, Lihua Li, Kinji Furukawa
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引用次数: 68

Abstract

Spaceborne radars offer a unique three-dimensional view of the atmospheric components of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Existing and planned spaceborne radar missions provide cloud and precipitation information over the oceans and land difficult to access in remote areas. A careful look into their measurement capabilities indicates considerable gaps that hinder our ability to detect and probe key cloud and precipitation processes. The international community is currently debating how the next generation of spaceborne radars shall enhance current capabilities and address remaining gaps. Part of the discussion is focused on how to best take advantage of recent advancements in radar and space platform technologies while addressing outstanding limitations. First, the observing capabilities and measurement highlights of existing and planned spaceborne radar missions including TRMM, CloudSat, GPM, RainCube, and EarthCARE are reviewed. Then, the limitations of current spaceborne observing systems, with respect to observations of low-level clouds, midlatitude and high-latitude precipitation, and convective motions, are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the review proposes potential solutions and future research avenues to be explored. Promising paths forward include collecting observations across a gamut of frequency bands tailored to specific scientific objectives, collecting observations using mixtures of pulse lengths to overcome trade-offs in sensitivity and resolution, and flying constellations of miniaturized radars to capture rapidly evolving weather phenomena. This work aims to increase the awareness about existing limitations and gaps in spaceborne radar measurements and to increase the level of engagement of the international community in the discussions for the next generation of spaceborne radar systems.

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星载云和降水雷达:现状、挑战和前进方向
星载雷达为地球水文循环的大气成分提供了独特的三维视图。现有和计划中的星载雷达任务提供在偏远地区难以获得的海洋和陆地上的云和降水信息。仔细研究它们的测量能力就会发现,存在相当大的差距,阻碍了我们探测和探测关键云和降水过程的能力。国际社会目前正在讨论下一代星载雷达应如何增强现有能力并解决剩余差距。讨论的部分重点是如何最好地利用雷达和空间平台技术的最新进展,同时解决突出的局限性。首先,综述了现有和计划中的星载雷达任务(包括TRMM、CloudSat、GPM、RainCube和EarthCARE)的观测能力和测量亮点。然后,深入分析了现有星载观测系统在低空云层、中纬度和高纬度降水、对流运动观测等方面的局限性。最后,本文提出了可能的解决方案和未来的研究途径。未来有希望的途径包括收集针对特定科学目标量身定制的频带范围的观测数据,使用混合脉冲长度收集观测数据以克服灵敏度和分辨率的权衡,以及飞行星座的小型化雷达以捕捉快速变化的天气现象。这项工作的目的是提高人们对星载雷达测量的现有局限性和差距的认识,并提高国际社会对下一代星载雷达系统的讨论的参与程度。
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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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