Cancer epigenetics in clinical practice

IF 503.1 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI:10.3322/caac.21765
Veronica Davalos PhD, Manel Esteller MD, PhD
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引用次数: 26

Abstract

Cancer development is driven by the accumulation of alterations affecting the structure and function of the genome. Whereas genetic changes disrupt the DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations contribute to the acquisition of hallmark tumor capabilities by regulating gene expression programs that promote tumorigenesis. Shifts in DNA methylation and histone mark patterns, the two main epigenetic modifications, orchestrate tumor progression and metastasis. These cancer-specific events have been exploited as useful tools for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment choice to aid clinical decision making. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, in contrast to the irreversibility of genetic changes, has made the epigenetic machinery an attractive target for drug development. This review summarizes the most advanced applications of epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic drugs in the clinical setting, highlighting commercially available DNA methylation-based assays and epigenetic drugs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

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癌症表观遗传学在临床实践中的应用
癌症的发展是由影响基因组结构和功能的改变的积累所驱动的。虽然遗传变化破坏了DNA序列,但表观遗传改变通过调节促进肿瘤发生的基因表达程序,有助于获得标志性肿瘤能力。DNA甲基化和组蛋白标记模式的变化,两种主要的表观遗传修饰,协调肿瘤的进展和转移。这些癌症特异性事件已被用作诊断、监测和治疗选择的有用工具,以帮助临床决策。此外,与遗传变化的不可逆性相比,表观遗传修饰的可逆性使表观遗传机制成为药物开发的一个有吸引力的目标。本文综述了表观遗传生物标志物和表观遗传药物在临床环境中的最新应用,重点介绍了市售的基于DNA甲基化的检测方法和已获美国食品和药物管理局批准的表观遗传药物。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
873.20
自引率
0.10%
发文量
51
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians" has been published by the American Cancer Society since 1950, making it one of the oldest peer-reviewed journals in oncology. It maintains the highest impact factor among all ISI-ranked journals. The journal effectively reaches a broad and diverse audience of health professionals, offering a unique platform to disseminate information on cancer prevention, early detection, various treatment modalities, palliative care, advocacy matters, quality-of-life topics, and more. As the premier journal of the American Cancer Society, it publishes mission-driven content that significantly influences patient care.
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