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Cancer statistics, 2025: A hinge moment for optimism to morph into hope?
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21877
Benjamin W. Corn, David B. Feldman
<p>Since 1951, the American Cancer Society has compiled and published data on an annual basis pertaining to the incidence and outcomes of most malignancies in the United States. This meticulous effort consistently manifests as one of the most cited articles in the literature, extensively referenced not only by oncologists but also by health scientists at large. The influence of this reporting is attributable to its comprehensiveness, readability, and the establishment of benchmarks for where we are, where we have been, and where we ought to be headed.</p><p>This year's article by Siegel et al.,<span><sup>1</sup></span> once again, provides important insights. Five-year relative all-cancer survival rates increased from 49% between 1975 and 1977 to approximately 69% between 2014 and 2020. Moreover, the general cancer mortality rate continues to fall. However, closer scrutiny reveals dramatic disparities. For instance, overall cancer incidence has declined in men but has been persistently rising in women. In addition, disproportionate cancer mortality is borne by Native Americans (particularly with regard to primary tumors of the colorectum, kidney, liver, lung, stomach, and uterine cervix), Black men (especially in the setting of prostate cancer), and Black women (for breast and uterine corpus cancers). Driving these disparities, Siegel et al. point to socioeconomic deprivation resulting from structural racism, including (but not limited to) inequities in access to screening and treatment.</p><p>The authors assert identifiable factors linked to other statistical trends as well. Although some of the apparent spikes in cancer burden may be attributable to a return to previous levels of screening and incidental detection after a dip in provider visits because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, simultaneously, there is concern about the growing popularity of electronic cigarettes and vaping. Meanwhile, although there has been an increase in overall cancer incidence among women, it is encouraging to learn that national human papillomavirus vaccination programs have gained traction and—when conjoined with punctilious screening as well as aggressive treatment of precursor lesions—have reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in people with a cervix. Furthermore, Siegel and colleagues comment on the association between increased research funding and improved rates of survival for hematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies. This contrasts with the underfunding of research regarding uterine corpus cancer, the only malignancy for which survival has steadfastly decreased during the past 4 decades.</p><p>Given the increased relative cancer survival rate, it is not uncommon for oncologists and the general public to express optimism. There is a theme that emerges from these numbers building on the prior reports of recent years: most cancers are potentially controllable, provided there is appropriate investment of research dollars, sufficient screening, and
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引用次数: 0
Cancer statistics, 2025
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21871
Rebecca L. Siegel, Tyler B. Kratzer, Angela N. Giaquinto, Hyuna Sung, Ahmedin Jemal
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). In 2025, 2,041,910 new cancer cases and 618,120 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2022, averting nearly 4.5 million deaths since 1991 because of smoking reductions, earlier detection for some cancers, and improved treatment. Yet alarming disparities persist; Native American people bear the highest cancer mortality, including rates that are two to three times those in White people for kidney, liver, stomach, and cervical cancers. Similarly, Black people have two-fold higher mortality than White people for prostate, stomach, and uterine corpus cancers. Overall cancer incidence has generally declined in men but has risen in women, narrowing the male-to-female rate ratio (RR) from a peak of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–1.61) in 1992 to 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.12) in 2021. However, rates in women aged 50–64 years have already surpassed those in men (832.5 vs. 830.6 per 100,000), and younger women (younger than 50 years) have an 82% higher incidence rate than their male counterparts (141.1 vs. 77.4 per 100,000), up from 51% in 2002. Notably, lung cancer incidence in women surpassed that in men among people younger than 65 years in 2021 (15.7 vs. 15.4 per 100,000; RR, 0.98, p = 0.03). In summary, cancer mortality continues to decline, but future gains are threatened by rampant racial inequalities and a growing burden of disease in middle-aged and young adults, especially women. Continued progress will require investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially for Native American and Black individuals.
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引用次数: 0
A pan-tumor review of the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21870
Chadi Hage Chehade, Georges Gebrael, Nicolas Sayegh, Zeynep Irem Ozay, Arshit Narang, Tony Crispino, Talia Golan, Jennifer K. Litton, Umang Swami, Kathleen N. Moore, Neeraj Agarwal
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications. This review offers a comprehensive clinical overview of PARP inhibitor approvals, emphasizing their efficacy across different cancers based on landmark phase 3 clinical trials.
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引用次数: 0
Underrepresentation of Hispanic women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21875
Jovanka Gencel-Augusto, Natasha J. Minaya, Daniel E. Johnson, Jennifer R. Grandis
Despite ongoing efforts to increase the number of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and in medicine, Hispanic women remain severely underrepresented in these fields. This disparity not only hinders scientific innovation and the delivery of culturally competent medical care but also perpetuates a systemic exclusion. Research specifically addressing the challenges faced by Hispanic women, the extent of underrepresentation in these disciplines, and strategies to mitigate these issues is sparce. The authors conducted a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed articles to address this gap. The findings reveal a stark underrepresentation of Hispanic women across all examined fields, particularly compared with White women. In addition, the underrepresentation persists when compared with Hispanic men, although the disparity is less pronounced. The authors identify ongoing disparities in promotion, compensation, and retention rates for Hispanic women; present data for barriers to entry and retention; and highlight existing programs and strategies aimed at addressing this underrepresentation. Finally, a framework is presented for future studies and actionable initiatives, and the broader implications of these findings for the field of oncology are highlighted.
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引用次数: 0
Highlighting American Cancer Society-funded research in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21876
Don S. Dizon, Christina M. Annunziata

Since 1946, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has invested more to find the causes and cures of cancer than any other single nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization. Each year, the ACS extends this support to investigators at institutions across the United States as part of its grants program, funding research for high school interns through world-renowned professors, including the ACS Professorship.

We applaud the grantees supported by the ACS; and, as part of this commitment to acknowledge and highlight these investigators, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (CA), is proud to launch a new series, “American Cancer Society Research Award Spotlight.” As the flagship journal of the ACS, CA's goal is to educate and widely disseminate their work, and their passions, to our diverse audience of cancer professionals. Topics will be of relevance to the broad audience of CA, and much of the work will be developed in consultation between the authors and the editorial board. Notably, we have not restricted the scope of articles to research directly supported by the ACS. Rather, we will work with the authors on a topic that drives their career, whether in the laboratory or in the clinic, reflecting timely issues within the scope of oncology or society at large.

In addition to recipients of our standard grant mechanisms, CA will feature content from recipients of the ACS Professor Award, which recognizes key thought leaders who have made substantial contributions in cancer research.

For more information around ACS-funded cancer research, please visit https://www.cancer.org/research/currently-funded-cancer-research.html for a full list of up-to-date funded research grants and current and past ACS professors.

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引用次数: 0
Acute myeloid leukemia management and research in 2025
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21873
Hagop M. Kantarjian, Courtney D. DiNardo, Tapan M. Kadia, Naval G. Daver, Jessica K. Altman, Eytan M. Stein, Elias Jabbour, Charles A. Schiffer, Amy Lang, Farhad Ravandi
The first 5 decades of research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were dominated by the cytarabine plus anthracyclines backbone, with advances in strategies including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, high-dose cytarabine, supportive care measures, and targeted therapies for the subset of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Since 2017, a turning point in AML research, 12 agents have received regulatory approval for AML in the United States: venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33 antibody–drug conjugate); midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitors); ivosidenib, olutasidenib, and enasidenib (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 inhibitors); oral azacitidine (a partially absorbable formulation); CPX351 (liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine:daunorubicin at a molar ratio of 5:1); glasdegib (hedgehog inhibitor); and recently revumenib (menin inhibitor; approved November 2024). Oral decitabine-cedazuridine, which is approved as a bioequivalent alternative to parenteral hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome, can be used for the same purpose in AML. Menin inhibitors, CD123 antibody–drug conjugates, and other antibodies targeting CD123, CD33, and other surface markers are showing promising results. Herein, the authors review the frontline and later line therapies in AML and discuss important research directions.
{"title":"Acute myeloid leukemia management and research in 2025","authors":"Hagop M. Kantarjian, Courtney D. DiNardo, Tapan M. Kadia, Naval G. Daver, Jessica K. Altman, Eytan M. Stein, Elias Jabbour, Charles A. Schiffer, Amy Lang, Farhad Ravandi","doi":"10.3322/caac.21873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21873","url":null,"abstract":"The first 5 decades of research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were dominated by the cytarabine plus anthracyclines backbone, with advances in strategies including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, high-dose cytarabine, supportive care measures, and targeted therapies for the subset of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Since 2017, a turning point in AML research, 12 agents have received regulatory approval for AML in the United States: venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33 antibody–drug conjugate); midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitors); ivosidenib, olutasidenib, and enasidenib (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 inhibitors); oral azacitidine (a partially absorbable formulation); CPX351 (liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine:daunorubicin at a molar ratio of 5:1); glasdegib (hedgehog inhibitor); and recently revumenib (menin inhibitor; approved November 2024). Oral decitabine-cedazuridine, which is approved as a bioequivalent alternative to parenteral hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome, can be used for the same purpose in AML. Menin inhibitors, CD123 antibody–drug conjugates, and other antibodies targeting CD123, CD33, and other surface markers are showing promising results. Herein, the authors review the frontline and later line therapies in AML and discuss important research directions.","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"5 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cancer care for transgender and gender-diverse people: Practical, literature-driven recommendations from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21872
Elizabeth J. Cathcart-Rake, Alexandre Chan, Alvaro Menendez, Denise Markstrom, Carla Schnitzlein, Yee Won Chong, Don S. Dizon
In the United States, over 2 million individuals openly identify with a gender that differs from their sex assigned at birth. A cancer diagnosis is physically and psychologically taxing—and, in some, traumatic. However, for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, many of whom have experienced discrimination in myriad health care settings, the challenges may be even greater. These recommendations focus on how best to deliver quality cancer care to transgender men (individuals who identify as men but were assigned female sex at birth), transgender women (individuals who identify as women but were assigned male sex at birth), and people who identify somewhere beyond this gender spectrum as nonbinary or using other terms, based on the available, albeit sparse, literature. This review broaches: (1) the epidemiology of cancer in TGD individuals, including the incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality; (2) cancer center practices that are welcoming and affirming to TGD patients; (3) the need for awareness and intentionality in the spaces of diagnosis and treatment for cancer; (4) the inevitable conclusion that gender differences exist but much more needs to be learned about the impact of gender-affirming therapy, consisting of gender-affirming surgeries and gender-affirming hormone therapy, on cancer therapy; and (5) the efficacy and perceived safety of antineoplastic therapy and gender-affirming hormone therapy.
{"title":"Cancer care for transgender and gender-diverse people: Practical, literature-driven recommendations from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer","authors":"Elizabeth J. Cathcart-Rake, Alexandre Chan, Alvaro Menendez, Denise Markstrom, Carla Schnitzlein, Yee Won Chong, Don S. Dizon","doi":"10.3322/caac.21872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21872","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, over 2 million individuals openly identify with a gender that differs from their sex assigned at birth. A cancer diagnosis is physically and psychologically taxing—and, in some, traumatic. However, for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, many of whom have experienced discrimination in myriad health care settings, the challenges may be even greater. These recommendations focus on how best to deliver quality cancer care to transgender men (individuals who identify as men but were assigned female sex at birth), transgender women (individuals who identify as women but were assigned male sex at birth), and people who identify somewhere beyond this gender spectrum as nonbinary or using other terms, based on the available, albeit sparse, literature. This review broaches: (1) the epidemiology of cancer in TGD individuals, including the incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality; (2) cancer center practices that are welcoming and affirming to TGD patients; (3) the need for awareness and intentionality in the spaces of diagnosis and treatment for cancer; (4) the inevitable conclusion that gender differences exist but much more needs to be learned about the impact of gender-affirming therapy, consisting of gender-affirming surgeries and gender-affirming hormone therapy, on cancer therapy; and (5) the efficacy and perceived safety of antineoplastic therapy and gender-affirming hormone therapy.","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Swollen vs. Compounded Cross-linked High-Cis-1,4-Polybutadiene/n-Tetracosane Shape Memory Polymers 膨胀型与复合型交联高顺式-1,4-聚丁二烯/正十四烷形状记忆聚合物的比较
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20240820
Sayan Basak, Kevin A. Cavicchi
Blending elastomers with phase change materials offers a modular approach to fabricating smart materials, such as shape memory polymers. This study compares shape memory polymers prepared by peroxide cross-linking a blend of polybutadiene and n-tetracosane (compounded samples) versus swelling peroxide cross-linked polybutadiene in n-tetracosane (swollen samples). Characterization of the thermal, thermomechanical, and shape memory behavior of the two types of samples show very similar behavior as a function of polybutadiene content. The sample with ca. 30% polybutadiene displayed shape memory metrics of ~90% fixity and ~99% recovery at 25% applied strain. The main difference in the samples was the change in fixity and recovery with cycling where they were heated and cooled using water baths. The compounded samples exhibited a 1.4% decrease in fixity, 0.2% decrease in recovery, and 2.25% weight loss over 20 cycles. In contrast, the swollen samples have a 4.2% decrease in fixity, 0.4% decrease in recovery, and 5.63% weight loss over 20 cycles. This weight loss was attributed to the expulsion of the n-tetracosane that experienced a higher driving force in the swollen sample with stretched chains. The cyclic and long-term aging of these polymers is different depending on the preparation method to incorporate the n-tetracosane into the material.
将弹性体与相变材料混合为制造形状记忆聚合物等智能材料提供了一种模块化方法。本研究比较了通过过氧化物交联聚丁二烯和正二十四烷混合物制备的形状记忆聚合物(混合物样品)和过氧化物交联聚丁二烯在正二十四烷中溶胀制备的形状记忆聚合物(溶胀样品)。对这两种样品的热特性、热机械特性和形状记忆特性的分析表明,随着聚丁二烯含量的变化,它们的特性非常相似。聚丁二烯含量约为 30% 的样品在施加 25% 的应变时显示出约 90% 的固定性和约 99% 的恢复性的形状记忆指标。样品的主要区别在于固定性和恢复性在使用水浴加热和冷却的循环过程中的变化。在 20 次循环过程中,复合样品的固定性下降了 1.4%,恢复性下降了 0.2%,重量下降了 2.25%。相比之下,膨胀样品的固定性降低了 4.2%,回收率降低了 0.4%,20 次循环后重量减少了 5.63%。这种重量损失归因于正二十四烷的排出,在拉伸链的膨胀样品中,正二十四烷受到了更大的驱动力。这些聚合物的循环老化和长期老化因在材料中加入正二十四烷的制备方法不同而不同。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing Antifouling Properties Onto Janus-Like Decellularized Corneas via Graft-From Zwitterionic Polymers 通过接枝自聚维塔利聚合物在类人角膜脱细胞中引入防污特性
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20240720
Simin Wu, Jiandong Han, Xiukai Guo, Zilong Rao, Kexin Zhang, Daping Quan, Ying Bai
The lack of endothelial layer hinders the use of decellularized corneal stroma in keratoplasty, resulting in adverse effects, such as non-specific protein adsorption and corneal oedema after implantation, which leads to rapid failure of the ophthalmic implants. In this study, superhydrophilic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) was gently introduced to the porcine-derived decellularized corneal stroma matrix (pDCSM), aiming to resist undesirable biofilm adsorption within the ocular environment. After complete decellularization, the pDCSM was first methacrylated by the integration of methacrylic anhydride. Consecutively, PMPC was only grafted from the back surface (endothelium side) of the methacrylated pDCSM through surface-initiated free radical polymerization. This one-side surface-modified pDCSM not only retained good optical transmittance and mechanical properties that were comparable to the untreated pDCSM, but both surfaces of the same artificial cornea also showed non-cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the PMPC-grafted back surface exhibited considerable antifouling properties that resisted both protein and cell adhesion. Consequently, such Janus-like artificial cornea holds great promise in future ophthalmic applications, which may serve as a springboard for the design of versatile decellularized extracellular matrix based biomedical implants with Janus-like properties.
由于缺乏内皮层,脱细胞角膜基质在角膜移植术中的应用受到阻碍,导致植入后出现非特异性蛋白质吸附和角膜水肿等不良反应,从而导致眼科植入物迅速失效。在这项研究中,超亲水性聚(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱)(PMPC)被温和地引入到由孔雀石衍生的脱细胞角膜基质(pDCSM)中,目的是抵制眼部环境中不良生物膜的吸附。在完全脱细胞后,首先用甲基丙烯酸酐对 pDCSM 进行甲基丙烯酸化。随后,通过表面引发的自由基聚合,仅在甲基丙烯酸化的 pDCSM 背面(内皮一侧)接枝 PMPC。这种单面表面修饰的 pDCSM 不仅保持了良好的光学透射率和机械性能,与未处理的 pDCSM 不相上下,而且同一人造角膜的两个表面都显示出无细胞毒性和良好的生物相容性。此外,PMPC 接枝的后表面还具有相当好的防污性能,能抵御蛋白质和细胞的粘附。因此,这种类 Janus 人工角膜在未来的眼科应用中大有可为,可作为设计具有类 Janus 特性的基于脱细胞细胞外基质的多功能生物医学植入物的跳板。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and Characterization of Low-Voltage Responsive Nanocomposite Shape-Changing Hydrogels/Carbon Nanofibers With Enhanced Mechanical Properties 具有增强机械性能的低电压响应型纳米复合材料--可改变形状的水凝胶/碳纳米纤维的制备与表征
IF 254.7 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20240746
Jiale Li, Qiang Ma, Guohe Xu, Chunqiang Jiang, Mengru Wang
High-voltage responsiveness and poor mechanical properties hindered the practical applications of electro-induced shape-changing hydrogels (EISCHs). In previous work, mechanical properties were improved simply by increasing the degree of crosslinking, which resulted in reduced deformation capacity. Therefore, the nanocomposite technique of reinforcing nondeformable hydrogels' mechanical properties was introduced into EISCHs, resulting in the successful synthesis of Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline bis (1,10-phenanthroline) iron (II))/hydrophilic-treated hydroxylated carbon nanofibers (P(NIPAM-Fe(phen)3)/HMWCNFs) nanocomposite shape-changing hydrogel that exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, doesn't have its deformation ability weakened and possesses low-voltage responsiveness in this work. The impact of various hydrophilic-treated hydroxylated carbon nanofibers (HMWCNFs) content on hydrogels' structure, swelling, crosslinking, mechanics and electro-induced shape-changing properties was investigated. As the HMWCNFs content increased (0.2%–1.0%), the tensile and compressive strengths increased, marking 6.67 times and 2.91 times rise over hydrogel without HMWCNFs. The deformation ability of P(NIPAM-Fe(phen)3/HMWCNFs) hydrogel was higher than without HMWCNFs at minimum response voltage 10 V. The physical entanglements and hydrogen bonding between HMWCNFs and polymer chains reduced adhesion energy and provided energy dissipation. HMWCNFs, as a conductive filler, facilitated electron transfer. The hydrogel swelled and shrank due to the transition between 5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline bis (1,10-phenanthroline) iron (II) (Fe(phen)3) network iron (II) and iron (III) states under low-voltage stimulation.
高电压响应性和较差的机械性能阻碍了电诱导形状变化水凝胶(EISCHs)的实际应用。在以前的工作中,人们只是通过提高交联度来改善机械性能,但这样做会降低变形能力。因此,我们在 EISCH 中引入了增强非变形水凝胶机械性能的纳米复合技术,从而成功合成了 Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline bis (1. 10-phenanthroline) iron) 和 Poly (N-isopylacrylamide-co-5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline bis (1. 10-phenanthroline) iron)、10-菲罗啉)铁(II))/亲水处理的羟基碳纳米纤维(P(NIPAM-Fe(phen)3)/HMWCNFs)纳米复合变形水凝胶。研究了不同亲水性羟基化碳纳米纤维(HMWCNFs)含量对水凝胶结构、溶胀、交联、力学和电致形变性能的影响。随着 HMWCNFs 含量的增加(0.2%-1.0%),拉伸强度和压缩强度也随之增加,分别是不含 HMWCNFs 水凝胶的 6.67 倍和 2.91 倍。在最低响应电压为 10 V 时,P(NIPAM-Fe(phen)3/HMWCNFs)水凝胶的变形能力高于不含 HMWCNFs 的水凝胶。HMWCNFs 与聚合物链之间的物理缠结和氢键作用降低了粘附能并提供了能量耗散。作为导电填料,HMWCNFs 促进了电子转移。在低压刺激下,5-丙烯酰胺基-1,10-菲罗啉双(1,10-菲罗啉)铁(II)(Fe(phen)3)网络铁(II)态和铁(III)态之间的转变导致水凝胶膨胀和收缩。
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引用次数: 0
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CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
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