CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians最新文献

The early detection of cutaneous melanoma is critical to survival outcomes. Because less than one half of melanomas in the United States are diagnosed by dermatologists, the ABCD (asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter >6 mm) acronym, created 40 years ago with the later addition of “E” for evolution (ABCDE), was developed for nondermatologist health care professionals and the public to simplify and enhance the diagnosis of early melanoma. It continues to be the global, naked-eye, nondevice-assisted standard for initial triage of pigmented lesions. This clinical review discusses the changing clinical diagnostic landscape and examines the currently available first-line and second-line detection modalities for melanoma. It also provides updates to the first-line triage approach and discusses the challenges of regulatory agency oversight for the safe and effective use of current and emerging skin cancer detection technologies. It is critical that health care professionals globally have knowledge of these technologies to enhance their diagnosis of melanoma.

McKay RR, Pal S, Xie W, et al. Advanced Urologic Cancer Consensus Conference (AUC3) 2025: expert consensus on the management of renal cell and urinary tract cancers. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70052. doi:10.3322/caac.70052

Please note that Oleksandr N. Kryvenko’s middle initial was omitted in the originally published version of this article.

We apologize for this error.

Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041

In this article by Perkins, et al., there is an incorrect statement in Table 2 at column 3, row 4.

The original text read:

“Does not qualify for screening exit; very limited data.”

The statement should read:

“May qualify for screening exit; very limited data.”

In Table 2, the footnote was incorrectly stated. The correct footnote should read:

“Abbreviations: ACOG, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; ASCCP, American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; LSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.”

In Table 3, the footnote was incorrectly stated. The correct footnote should read:

“Abbreviations: CIN3+, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; HPV, human papillomavirus.”

On page 3 first column, “or the Abbott Alinity m with the Evalyn Brush or Qvintip swab (part of simpli-COLLECT kit)” should not be italicized.

We apologize for these errors.

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using data collected by central cancer registries (incidence, through 2022) and the National Center for Health Statistics (mortality, through 2023). In 2026, approximately 2,114,850 new cancer cases and 626,140 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2023, averting 4.8 million deaths since 1991, largely because of smoking reductions, earlier detection, and improved treatment. These interventions are also evident in rising 5-year relative survival, which reached a milestone 70% for diagnoses during 2015–2021 overall, 69% for regional-stage disease, and 35% for distant-stage (metastatic) disease, up from 63%, 54%, and 17%, respectively, in the mid-1990s. People with high-mortality cancers and advanced diagnoses had the largest gains, including increases from 32% to 62% for myeloma, 7% to 22% for liver cancer, 16% to 35% for metastatic melanoma, 8% to 18% for metastatic rectal cancer, 20% to 37% for regional lung cancer, and 2% to 10% for metastatic lung cancer. Nevertheless, lung cancer will cause more deaths in 2026 than second-ranking colorectal cancer and third-ranking pancreatic cancer combined. In summary, decades of scientific investment have translated to longer lives for people with even the most fatal cancers. However, continued progress is threatened by proposed federal cuts to cancer research and health insurance, which provides access to life-saving cancer treatment.

The hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer subtype accounts for most early and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cases. HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC is characterized by a relatively prolonged, although variable, disease course and substantial intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Although endocrine-based therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment, nearly all patients eventually develop resistance, which is increasingly addressed with biologically targeted agents and newer-generation cytotoxic drugs. This review summarizes the current understanding of HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC biology, highlighting mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance, including driver genomic alterations that, along with clinical factors, help guide therapeutic choices and sequencing. The authors specify and discuss how genomic and transcriptomic profiling inform treatment selection and how side effects and overall patient experience are considered in decision making. Advances in targeted therapies, such as CDK4/6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6), PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), and AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitors, and next-generation estrogen receptor degraders are reviewed along with the expanding role of antibody–drug conjugates and biomarker-guided tumor-agnostic biologic therapies. The authors also explore evolving biologic concepts, including the impact of the tumor microenvironment on resistance and disease progression, and consider the distinct clinical behavior of invasive lobular carcinoma and current approaches. Emerging data from contemporary clinical trials promise to refine clinical and biomarker-driven algorithms and improve outcomes for patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC. Ongoing multi-omic research and adaptive clinical strategies will be essential to further the application of precision oncology in this most common subtype of MBC. Importantly, patient-reported outcomes, shared decision making, and real-world evidence are increasingly useful in formulating comprehensive care plans, guidelines, and policy. The modern treatment landscape features a personalized approach that integrates clinical features, biomarkers, and patient preferences across the disease continuum.