Biological characteristics and immunoregulation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells

Q4 Medicine 中国组织工程研究 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.12307/2022.150

G. Jia, D. Qionghua, L. Ze, L. Siyi, G. Yuhua, B. Chunyu

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clarifying the synthesis and regulation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells is of great significance to the research and application of exosomes in the future. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological characteristics in exosomes derived from different mesenchymal stem cells and the role of these exosomes in the immune regulation, which hopes to find new breakthroughs in the study of exosomes in the future and provide ideas for cell-free therapy. METHODS: The articles were searched on PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang using the keywords of “stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, immunomodulation, inflammatory mediator, biological characteristics of exosomes, biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, regeneration” in Chinese and English. Finally, 105 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cells that exist widely in various tissues of the body. Mesenchymal stem cells not only have stem cell characteristics, but also play an important role in the immunosuppressive properties. Mesenchymal stem cells had been clinically applied for the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells were used to manage novel coronavirus pneumonia, and had ideal treatment effect. Exosomes are endosome-derived nanometer-scale vesicles (40–200 nm in diameter). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have the same immune regulation function as its maternal cells, including that carrying immunosuppressive factors, promoting macrophages polarization into M2 type, preventing differentiation of pro-inflammatory T cell subsets and inhibiting antigen presentation. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.

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间充质干细胞外泌体的生物学特性和免疫调节

背景:明确来自间充质干细胞的外泌体的合成和调控，对今后外泌体的研究和应用具有重要意义。目的:总结不同间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体的生物学特性及其在免疫调节中的作用，希望为今后外泌体的研究找到新的突破，为无细胞治疗提供思路。方法:以“干细胞、间充质干细胞、外泌体、免疫调节、炎症介质、外泌体生物学特性、间充质干细胞生物学特性、再生”的中英文关键词在PubMed、CNKI和万方检索相关文献。最终纳入105篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:间充质干细胞是广泛存在于机体各组织中的一种多能干细胞。间充质干细胞不仅具有干细胞的特性，还具有重要的免疫抑制作用。间充质干细胞在临床上已广泛应用于多种疾病的治疗。因此，利用间充质干细胞治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎具有理想的治疗效果。外泌体是内核体衍生的纳米级囊泡(直径40 - 200nm)。间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体具有与其母细胞相同的免疫调节功能，包括携带免疫抑制因子、促进巨噬细胞向M2型极化、阻止促炎T细胞亚群分化、抑制抗原提呈等。©2022，中国组织工程研究杂志出版社。版权所有。

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来源期刊

中国组织工程研究 Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

CiteScore

0.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

61083

期刊介绍： Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research (CJTER) is supervised by the Ministry of Health, and sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and the Editorial Board of CJTER. CJTER is publishing the latest progress in tissue engineering research.Our main sections include stem cells, tissue constructions, biomaterials, orthopedic implants,digital orthopedics,organ tissue and cell transplantation. Efficiency of publication: All manuscripts accepted will be reviewed within 1 month.Time from acceptance to publishing is 3 months for excellent manuscripts, and 6 months for normal manuscripts.