A Postcolonial Ecocritical Reading of Mahmoud Darwish’s “The Red Indian’s Penultimate Speech to the White Man”

IF 0.3 Q3 AREA STUDIES Arab Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.13169/arabstudquar.45.2.0111
Ahmad Qabaha, Abdel Karim Daraghmeh
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Abstract

Inspired by the tenets of postcolonial ecocriticism, theories of settler colonialism, and indigenous ecologies, this study examines the connection Mahmoud Darwish establishes between the colonized people and natural elements in his poem “The Red Indian’s Penultimate Speech to the White Man” while making reference to Native American oral traditions and Chief Seattle’s speech. This article argues that Darwish’s poem expresses an inclusive perspective that requires appreciation of the interconnection between the national and ecological struggle of the colonized. The analysis in this article is premised on Darwish’s dictum in this poem that the resistance of the colonized against loss of homeland is also a resistance against loss of nature; that is, Darwish seems to argue that the ecological ethos is inherent in the resistance of colonized people against settler colonialism. In “The Red Indian’s Penultimate Speech to the White Man,” Darwish expresses consciousness of a history of colonial domination that aggressively exploitated natural resources and destroyed natural habitations that natives had nurtured and depended on for their subsistence over the years. In other words, the poet represents the central ecocritical argument that environmental issues are integral to the existence of colonized peoples.
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马哈茂德·达尔维什《红印第安人对白人的倒数第二篇演讲》的后殖民生态批评解读
受后殖民生态批评的原则、定居者殖民主义理论和土著生态学的启发,本研究考察了马哈茂德·达尔维什在他的诗歌《红印第安人对白人的第二次演讲》中建立的殖民地人民与自然元素之间的联系,同时参考了美洲原住民的口头传统和西雅图酋长的演讲。本文认为,达尔维什的诗歌表达了一种包容的视角,需要对被殖民者的民族斗争和生态斗争之间的相互联系进行欣赏。本文的分析以达尔维什在这首诗中的格言为前提,即被殖民者对失去家园的抵抗也是对失去自然的抵抗;也就是说,达尔维什似乎认为,生态精神是被殖民人民对移民殖民主义的抵抗所固有的。在《红印第安人对白人的倒数第二篇演讲》中,达尔维什表达了对殖民统治历史的意识,殖民统治积极地开发自然资源,破坏了当地人多年来赖以生存的自然栖息地。换句话说,诗人代表了生态批评的核心论点,即环境问题是殖民地人民生存的组成部分。
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来源期刊
Arab Studies Quarterly
Arab Studies Quarterly AREA STUDIES-
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
33.30%
发文量
7
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