Introduction to the Skeleton of Hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes, Trochilidae) in Functional and Phylogenetic Contexts

R. Zusi
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引用次数: 32

Abstract

Abstract Historically, comparative study of the skeleton of hummingbirds has focused on systematics, emphasizing differences between hummingbirds and other birds and only rarely addressing differences within Trochilidae. This monograph covers both approaches, and comparisons within Trochilidae are framed within recently published, plausible phylogenetic hypotheses. The data are derived mainly from museum collections of anatomical specimens, covering ~256 species of 102 genera of hummingbirds, and 11 genera of other Apodiformes. Although the syringeal skeleton is included, emphasis is on the axial and appendicular skeletons. The first section deals with the syrinx and with skeletal features mainly associated with nectarivory and hovering, emphasizing characters that are unique to hummingbirds within Apodiformes. The syrinx of hummingbirds lies in the neck rather than the thorax and displays a unique bony knob on the surface of the tympanic membrane. During posthatching development, the upper jaw of humming...
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蜂鸟骨架的功能和系统发育背景介绍(鸟类:Apodiformes, Trochilidae)
从历史上看,蜂鸟骨骼的比较研究主要集中在系统学上,强调蜂鸟与其他鸟类之间的差异,很少涉及蜂鸟科内部的差异。这本专著涵盖了这两种方法,并在最近发表的,似是而非的系统发育假说框架内比较了Trochilidae。数据主要来源于博物馆收藏的解剖标本,涵盖蜂鸟102属256种,其他足形目11属。虽然包括针筒骨,但重点是轴骨和尾骨。第一部分讨论了鸣管和主要与蜜腺和悬停有关的骨骼特征,强调了在真形目中蜂鸟所特有的特征。蜂鸟的鸣管位于颈部而不是胸腔,在鼓膜表面有一个独特的骨状突起。在草后发育过程中,蜂鸟的上颚…
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