Influence of bio-humus on soil fertility, productivity and environmental safety of spring wheat grain

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agronomy research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.15159/AR.20.152
L. G. Muhamedyarova, Derkho, G. V. Meshcheriakova, O. Gumenyuk, S. Shakirova
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The influence of bio humus on chemical indicators of the arable layer of soil, productivity and ecological safety indicators of spring wheat of ‘Chelyaba 75’ variety during the period of 2017–2019 were studied. The object of research was samples of the soil arable layer from the control and experimental field, the structure of wheat yield from control and experimental plots. Bio humus aqueous extract was introduced in the soil of the experimental field before wheat sowing and in the phase of spring tillering at the rate of 10 L/200 L /1 hm using the trailer sprayer ‘Zarya’ (Russia) during the dark hours of day. In the study of soil and grain samples, generally accepted methods and techniques were used. It is established that regular chernozems under the conditions of technogenic impact of emissions of thermal power plants are characterized by low humus content (4.58–4.60%) and weak acid reaction of medium (pH = 6.1–6.5); imbalance between biochemically active (copper, zinc, cobalt) and toxic (lead, nickel, cadmium) elements, as confirmed by soil contamination coefficients: for copper (C0 = 1.50–1.58), zinc (C0 = 0.79–0.85). The introduction of bio humus in the tilth top soil before sowing and during tillering of spring wheat contributed to the increase in humus composition by 1.88 times, the change in acidity to pH = 6.9–7.0, reduction of lead and cadmium concentrations in 1.63 and 1.20 times against the background of increased zinc and cobalt levels by 15.62% and 7.98%; increase of field germination of spring wheat from 75.0 ± 0.4 to 82.0 ± 0.9%; quantity of developed stems to be harvested per 1 m by 10.15%, productive tilling capacity by 8.33%, average quantity of spikes per ear by 20.00%, average quantity of grain per ear by 7.69%, mass of 1,000 grains by 16.12%, and wheat yield increase by 10.2 hwt ha and decrease in spring wheat grain concentration of lead and cadmium at 14.00 and 16.00%.
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生物腐殖质对春小麦土壤肥力、生产力及环境安全的影响
研究了2017-2019年生物腐殖质对“车里亚巴75”春小麦耕层土壤化学指标、生产力和生态安全指标的影响。研究对象为对照田和试验田土壤耕层样品,对照田和试验田小麦产量结构。生物腐殖质水浸提液在小麦播种前和春分蘖期的试验田土壤中以10 L/200 L/ 1 hm的速率,在白天黑暗的时候使用“Zarya”(俄罗斯)拖车喷雾器。在土壤和粮食样品的研究中,采用了普遍接受的方法和技术。结果表明:火电厂排放工艺影响条件下的常规黑钙土具有腐殖质含量低(4.58 ~ 4.60%)、介质酸性反应弱(pH = 6.1 ~ 6.5)的特点;生物化学活性元素(铜、锌、钴)和有毒元素(铅、镍、镉)之间的不平衡,土壤污染系数证实了这一点:铜(C0 = 1.50-1.58),锌(C0 = 0.79-0.85)。在春小麦播种前和分蘖期引入生物腐殖质,使土壤腐殖质组成增加1.88倍,酸度变化到pH = 6.9 ~ 7.0,在锌和钴含量分别增加15.62%和7.98%的背景下,铅和镉浓度分别降低1.63倍和1.20倍;春小麦田间发芽率由75.0±0.4提高到82.0±0.9%;每米成熟茎收获量提高10.15%,生产性耕作能力提高8.33%,穗平均穗数提高20.00%,穗平均粒数提高7.69%,千粒重提高16.12%,小麦产量提高10.2 HWT ha,春小麦铅镉浓度在14.00和16.00%时降低。
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来源期刊
Agronomy research
Agronomy research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
7 weeks
期刊介绍: Agronomy Research is a peer-reviewed international Journal intended for publication of broad-spectrum original articles, reviews and short communications on actual problems of modern biosystems engineering including crop and animal science, genetics, economics, farm- and production engineering, environmental aspects, agro-ecology, renewable energy and bioenergy etc. in the temperate regions of the world.
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