CHANGES OF CHEMICAL AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLTAVA REGION SOILS OF UKRAINE FOR THE LAST 130 YEARS

Abstract

The purpose of the scientific publication is a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of modern samples of typical chernozems (Vermic Haplic Chernozem) and meadow-typical chernozem soils (Gleyic Chernozem) with 130-year-old samples taken by V.I. Vernadsky in the Kremenchuk district of Poltava region. Age-related changes in the content of organic matter and oxides revealed significant differences in the genesis of natural and agrogenic edaphotopes of the southern of Poltava region. In the conditions of natural edaphotopes, an increase in the total humus content by an average of 0.8 % in five cases out of six is recorded. On the other hand, for all soil samples from agrogenic edaphotopes, a decrease in the humus content by an average of 1.1 % is identified. A slight (1.1 times) but more intense increase in the content of silica (SiO2) in agrogenic edaphotopes (almost 10 %), compared with edaphotopes of natural biogeocenoses (by 5.5 %), as well as an increase in the content of alumina (Al2O3) on average in two times (by 3.7 %) are established. A decrease in the content of Phosphorus compounds by an average of 1.4 times (by 0.1%) against the background of an increase in the content of substances containing Potassium by 7.5 times (by 1.4 %) is registered. The homogeneity of the micromorphological organization of organogenic and mineral components of soils of modern samples and samples taken 130 years ago is revealed. Based on the research results, recommendations for the scientific substantiation of a comprehensive project of environmental measures aimed at protection and balanced uses of Poltava soils are formulated.