T. Komornicki, R. Wiśniewski, B. Szejgiec-Kolenda, P. Duma, K. Czapiewski
Russian aggression against Ukraine and the associated sanctions from the side of the United States and the European Union resulted in gradual changes in the previous directions of the socio-economic linkages. Besides this global scale, the war in Ukraine has also influenced the linkages and the spatial structures on the regional or local levels. The purpose of the present article is to provide an initial identification of the development of new territorial differentiation in three dimensions: socio-demographic (migrations), economic (first of all the official trade exchange), as well as infrastructural (extension and use of transport networks). The focus here was on the potential consequences that can take place in Europe and in Poland (as a country bordering Ukraine and playing a very special role in both the social relations—the inflow of refugees, and in the economic ones—intermediation in the interactions between the European Union and Ukraine). Identification of spatial differentiation was performed on the basis of analysis of various statistical data, including, in particular, cross-border traffic data, Polish foreign trade at LAU1 level, inflow of refugees (official data of the Polish government), or the secondary data, resulting from project work (in particular, ESPON IRiE). The ultimate scale of the influence of war in Ukraine, neither on the society nor on the economy, cannot be established at this stage of the conflict. The studies performed confirm, however, that the consequences (in each of the dimensions analyzed) are highly territorially diversified. This diversification, though, does not concern only countries or even regions. It has also a local dimension and as such should be adequately perceived by the public authorities of different levels.
{"title":"The Territorial Dimension of Russian Aggression Against Ukraine—Polish and European Perspective","authors":"T. Komornicki, R. Wiśniewski, B. Szejgiec-Kolenda, P. Duma, K. Czapiewski","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"Russian aggression against Ukraine and the associated sanctions from the side of the United States and the European Union resulted in gradual changes in the previous directions of the socio-economic linkages. Besides this global scale, the war in Ukraine has also influenced the linkages and the spatial structures on the regional or local levels. The purpose of the present article is to provide an initial identification of the development of new territorial differentiation in three dimensions: socio-demographic (migrations), economic (first of all the official trade exchange), as well as infrastructural (extension and use of transport networks). The focus here was on the potential consequences that can take place in Europe and in Poland (as a country bordering Ukraine and playing a very special role in both the social relations—the inflow of refugees, and in the economic ones—intermediation in the interactions between the European Union and Ukraine). Identification of spatial differentiation was performed on the basis of analysis of various statistical data, including, in particular, cross-border traffic data, Polish foreign trade at LAU1 level, inflow of refugees (official data of the Polish government), or the secondary data, resulting from project work (in particular, ESPON IRiE). The ultimate scale of the influence of war in Ukraine, neither on the society nor on the economy, cannot be established at this stage of the conflict. The studies performed confirm, however, that the consequences (in each of the dimensions analyzed) are highly territorially diversified. This diversification, though, does not concern only countries or even regions. It has also a local dimension and as such should be adequately perceived by the public authorities of different levels.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to possibilities of applying geographical approaches in the study of protracted multilevel conflicts. In particular, the research potential of such a new interdisciplinary field of science as geoconflictology was assessed. The purpose of this study is to show spatio-temporal parameterization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and determination of the influence of geographical factors on its structure and dynamics. The main results of the research: the object and subject of the conflict are defined, its spatial and temporal boundaries are outlined, the evolution of the morphology of the participants in the conflict, possible points of maximum escalation and de-escalation are traced. The influence of geographical factors on the conflict was determined and analyzed. In particular, the influence of the geographical remoteness of metropolises and colonies on the subsequent frequency of conflicts and the risk of conflicts between them. The article emphasizes the determinism and inevitability of the emergence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. In particular, it is determined by the patterns of development and interaction of territorial systems. An attempt to extrapolate the duration and stages of previous protracted conflicts in Europe to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict was made. The possible influence of the potential of the geographical location on the course and resolution of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is also determined. The article is one of the first attempts to interpret the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in a geographical dimension.
{"title":"Geoconflictological Approach in Research of Russian-Rkrainian War","authors":"A. A. Mozghovyi","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to possibilities of applying geographical approaches in the study of protracted multilevel conflicts. In particular, the research potential of such a new interdisciplinary field of science as geoconflictology was assessed. The purpose of this study is to show spatio-temporal parameterization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and determination of the influence of geographical factors on its structure and dynamics. The main results of the research: the object and subject of the conflict are defined, its spatial and temporal boundaries are outlined, the evolution of the morphology of the participants in the conflict, possible points of maximum escalation and de-escalation are traced. The influence of geographical factors on the conflict was determined and analyzed. In particular, the influence of the geographical remoteness of metropolises and colonies on the subsequent frequency of conflicts and the risk of conflicts between them. The article emphasizes the determinism and inevitability of the emergence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. In particular, it is determined by the patterns of development and interaction of territorial systems. An attempt to extrapolate the duration and stages of previous protracted conflicts in Europe to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict was made. The possible influence of the potential of the geographical location on the course and resolution of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is also determined. The article is one of the first attempts to interpret the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in a geographical dimension.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The content of the general geographical concept of geospatial positionality (geopositionality) is revealed in the context of the relation of a single object / place with geospace, as well as the function of geoplace. Conceptual and terminological analysis of the concept is carried out in formal and semantic aspects. Using an explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language highlighted the meaning of placementtokens (position, location, positioning, neighborhood, proximity / remoteness) and the possibility of their use in geographical texts. Based on the study of scientific sources, object-centric, functional and integrated logical models of the concept of geopositionalityareelaborated. The directions of evolution of object-centric interpretation of the concept are revealed: clarification of the token of relation (sum of relation, set of relation, combination of relation, integral of relation; spatial, geographical, territorial, geospatial relations; spatial aspects of relation); determining the geopositionality of objects of ever smaller spatial coverage; the dominance of the ‘external’ approach to content disclosure; multiscale; potentiality. The functional model of the concept of geopositionality is created through the sequential deployment of the features, relations, potential, functions of geoplace. The semantic triangle of the concept of geopositionality of the object in the unity of its aspectsmeaning and conceptual content is developed. The main attributes of geopositionality (uniqueness / specificity, distance, potentiality / probability, hierarchy / multiscale, dynamism / historicity / variability) are highlighted, and their effect on different logical models are shown. The main directions of development of the concept of geopositionality are defined: nomination of features of geospatial relations of linear, areal, network geoobjects; nomination of dynamism of geopositionality of objects; positioning in relation to geospatial processes; mutual enrichment of semantically closest geopositional concepts; correct application of content and quantitative research methods for mathematical formalization and interpretation of geospatial relations of position and functioning. The classical, non-classical and modern stages in the development of the concepts of geospatial positionality are distinguished.
{"title":"Evolution of the Concept of Geospatial Positionality: Conceptual and Term Dimension","authors":"M.R. Vlakh","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.053","url":null,"abstract":"The content of the general geographical concept of geospatial positionality (geopositionality) is revealed in the context of the relation of a single object / place with geospace, as well as the function of geoplace. Conceptual and terminological analysis of the concept is carried out in formal and semantic aspects. Using an explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language highlighted the meaning of placementtokens (position, location, positioning, neighborhood, proximity / remoteness) and the possibility of their use in geographical texts. Based on the study of scientific sources, object-centric, functional and integrated logical models of the concept of geopositionalityareelaborated. The directions of evolution of object-centric interpretation of the concept are revealed: clarification of the token of relation (sum of relation, set of relation, combination of relation, integral of relation; spatial, geographical, territorial, geospatial relations; spatial aspects of relation); determining the geopositionality of objects of ever smaller spatial coverage; the dominance of the ‘external’ approach to content disclosure; multiscale; potentiality. The functional model of the concept of geopositionality is created through the sequential deployment of the features, relations, potential, functions of geoplace. The semantic triangle of the concept of geopositionality of the object in the unity of its aspectsmeaning and conceptual content is developed. The main attributes of geopositionality (uniqueness / specificity, distance, potentiality / probability, hierarchy / multiscale, dynamism / historicity / variability) are highlighted, and their effect on different logical models are shown. The main directions of development of the concept of geopositionality are defined: nomination of features of geospatial relations of linear, areal, network geoobjects; nomination of dynamism of geopositionality of objects; positioning in relation to geospatial processes; mutual enrichment of semantically closest geopositional concepts; correct application of content and quantitative research methods for mathematical formalization and interpretation of geospatial relations of position and functioning. The classical, non-classical and modern stages in the development of the concepts of geospatial positionality are distinguished.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the structure of modern landscapes in Ukraine, special attention is deserved by beligerative (from Latin beligero—to wage war) landscape complexes. They are widespread throughout Ukraine, but only in the late 20th to early 21st centuries did they capture the attention of researchers. The aim is to analyze the current state and functioning of beligerative landscapes in the plains of Ukraine in order to develop measures for their further rational use and conservation. In the study of beligerative landscapes, principles of historicism, natural-anthropogenic compatibility, and related methods were applied, including historical-landscape analysis, compilation of historical-genetic series of landscape maps, analysis of final results, comparative method of natural analogs, analysis of beligerative landscape complexes as components of a paragenetic system, and GIS-technologies. The widespread distribution and significant diversity of belligerent landscape complexes within the plains of Ukraine have made it possible to identify a number of beligerative areas and corresponding sites. Among the largest typical ones are the areas of fortified points with sites of defensive ramparts, defensive ditches, and scarps; areas of isolated defensive ramparts with corresponding sites of earthen multi-age ramparts and ditches; areas of defensive lines with a complex system of beligerative sites such as fortresses, ramparts, redoubts, firing points, entrenchments, and more. The directions for their restoration are substantiated for further rational use as specific objects of scientific research, tourist and reserve sites, and objects for the development of local studies and patriotic education. It is noted that the rational use and conservation of beligerative landscapes should be implemented in the form of beligerative geosites—anthropogenic formations of military origin with corresponding territories. Beligerative landscapes formed as a result of russian military aggression are partially discussed and require further research.
{"title":"The Beligerative Landscapes of Ukraine","authors":"H.I. Denysyk, A. H. Kiziun, V. S. Kanskyi","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"In the structure of modern landscapes in Ukraine, special attention is deserved by beligerative (from Latin beligero—to wage war) landscape complexes. They are widespread throughout Ukraine, but only in the late 20th to early 21st centuries did they capture the attention of researchers. The aim is to analyze the current state and functioning of beligerative landscapes in the plains of Ukraine in order to develop measures for their further rational use and conservation. In the study of beligerative landscapes, principles of historicism, natural-anthropogenic compatibility, and related methods were applied, including historical-landscape analysis, compilation of historical-genetic series of landscape maps, analysis of final results, comparative method of natural analogs, analysis of beligerative landscape complexes as components of a paragenetic system, and GIS-technologies. The widespread distribution and significant diversity of belligerent landscape complexes within the plains of Ukraine have made it possible to identify a number of beligerative areas and corresponding sites. Among the largest typical ones are the areas of fortified points with sites of defensive ramparts, defensive ditches, and scarps; areas of isolated defensive ramparts with corresponding sites of earthen multi-age ramparts and ditches; areas of defensive lines with a complex system of beligerative sites such as fortresses, ramparts, redoubts, firing points, entrenchments, and more. The directions for their restoration are substantiated for further rational use as specific objects of scientific research, tourist and reserve sites, and objects for the development of local studies and patriotic education. It is noted that the rational use and conservation of beligerative landscapes should be implemented in the form of beligerative geosites—anthropogenic formations of military origin with corresponding territories. Beligerative landscapes formed as a result of russian military aggression are partially discussed and require further research.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O.L. Dronova, Eu.O. Maruniak, L. H. Rudenko, O. G. Topchiyev
The image of Ukrainian geography is formed in the difficult conditions of the establishment of statehood, deep political and economic reforms, and geopolitical and military resistance to russian aggression. Geographical science still does not sufficiently respond to the contemporary demands of society for geographical information and geographical knowledge. The reformation of national science and education presents geographers with many new problems that need to be considered and solved. The latest information technology revolution, along with new technical capabilities, means more and deep complex requests for geographic information. The paper considers the mentioned issues. The authors focus attention on the features of the transformation of the functions of geographical science in the conditions of post-industrial society and new people’s interaction with natural systems. The technological findings created by modern society are a prospect for the implementation of many solutions in the sphere of sustainable economic, social, and ecological development, as well as the transition to new models of production and consumption, and adaptation to climate change. The paper mentioned that geography plays a significant role in the development of organizational plans and business models in EU countries in such areas as regional and local development, urban and community planning and development, emergency risk management, and transition to a circular economy. In Ukraine, unfortunately, geography, like other sciences such as mathematics and physics, is increasingly perceived as part of basic education. Public demand and the market for projects are practically not formed, which causes both gaps in the implementation of numerous EU directives and international standards, as well as the decline of the discipline. Currently, the war with Russia is definitely the one of the bitter phenomena that requires the involvement of geographers. The first reaction of scholars took place as early as 2014, which was reflected in the adjustment of several educational programs, including human geography, political geography, urban geography, landscape ecology, spatial planning and development, cartographic modeling and GIS, geography of transport systems, population settlement, etc. Simultaneously, today Ukrainian geographers talk about large-scale changes in research priorities, focusing on the assessment of losses and the potential for the restoration of territories, the sustainable development of cities and regions, and geostrategization.
{"title":"The Image and Mission of Geographical Science in Ukraine","authors":"O.L. Dronova, Eu.O. Maruniak, L. H. Rudenko, O. G. Topchiyev","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"The image of Ukrainian geography is formed in the difficult conditions of the establishment of statehood, deep political and economic reforms, and geopolitical and military resistance to russian aggression. Geographical science still does not sufficiently respond to the contemporary demands of society for geographical information and geographical knowledge. The reformation of national science and education presents geographers with many new problems that need to be considered and solved. The latest information technology revolution, along with new technical capabilities, means more and deep complex requests for geographic information. The paper considers the mentioned issues. The authors focus attention on the features of the transformation of the functions of geographical science in the conditions of post-industrial society and new people’s interaction with natural systems. The technological findings created by modern society are a prospect for the implementation of many solutions in the sphere of sustainable economic, social, and ecological development, as well as the transition to new models of production and consumption, and adaptation to climate change. The paper mentioned that geography plays a significant role in the development of organizational plans and business models in EU countries in such areas as regional and local development, urban and community planning and development, emergency risk management, and transition to a circular economy. In Ukraine, unfortunately, geography, like other sciences such as mathematics and physics, is increasingly perceived as part of basic education. Public demand and the market for projects are practically not formed, which causes both gaps in the implementation of numerous EU directives and international standards, as well as the decline of the discipline. Currently, the war with Russia is definitely the one of the bitter phenomena that requires the involvement of geographers. The first reaction of scholars took place as early as 2014, which was reflected in the adjustment of several educational programs, including human geography, political geography, urban geography, landscape ecology, spatial planning and development, cartographic modeling and GIS, geography of transport systems, population settlement, etc. Simultaneously, today Ukrainian geographers talk about large-scale changes in research priorities, focusing on the assessment of losses and the potential for the restoration of territories, the sustainable development of cities and regions, and geostrategization.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article draws attention to the increasing military conflicts and wars at the regional level, as well as the role of geography in their preparation and conduct. Military operations always take place in real time and in real space, therefore, the study of the geographical environment is vital for any socially organized structure that has a military organization (armed forces). Geographical factors (the size of territories, population, relief and landscape features, hydrology and climate, forest cover, and other factors) have long been taken into account when planning and conducting military operations or developing (capturing) new regions. In terms of military geography, geographical knowledge of space, and the necessary scale, provides an understanding of contemporary security issues and promotes the idea that such understanding is critical to understanding and managing significant military issues on a local, regional, and global scale. Attention is drawn to specific methods for the preparation and conduct of military operations—geographic information systems (GIS) in conjunction with aerospace sounding. Without them, modern wars are not produced. The importance of some geographical factors is confirmed by specific examples during the Russian aggression against Ukraine (2014–2023).
{"title":"Military Geography and GeographicalFactor in the Russian War in Ukraine","authors":"H. Ya. Sayadyan","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.03.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"The article draws attention to the increasing military conflicts and wars at the regional level, as well as the role of geography in their preparation and conduct. Military operations always take place in real time and in real space, therefore, the study of the geographical environment is vital for any socially organized structure that has a military organization (armed forces). Geographical factors (the size of territories, population, relief and landscape features, hydrology and climate, forest cover, and other factors) have long been taken into account when planning and conducting military operations or developing (capturing) new regions. In terms of military geography, geographical knowledge of space, and the necessary scale, provides an understanding of contemporary security issues and promotes the idea that such understanding is critical to understanding and managing significant military issues on a local, regional, and global scale. Attention is drawn to specific methods for the preparation and conduct of military operations—geographic information systems (GIS) in conjunction with aerospace sounding. Without them, modern wars are not produced. The importance of some geographical factors is confirmed by specific examples during the Russian aggression against Ukraine (2014–2023).","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the current stage of the socio-economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression, the topical issue is the expansion of foreign economic relations with EU member countries. The purpose of the study is a spatial analysis of the features of regional differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the countries of the European Union in the context of expanding trade and economic relations after signing the Agreement on a free trade zone with the EU and granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership. Such research methods as structural and spatial analysis, statistical and correlation analysis, and typological analysis were used. The dynamics of commodity trade between Ukraine and the EU in 2001–2021 are analyzed and the main trends in interstate trade in goods were identified. It has been revealed that the general trend of bilateral trade relations with the countries of the European Union in the 21st century is generally similar to the trend of the turnover of foreign commodity trade between Ukraine and all countries of the world. It has been established that the spatial differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the EU clearly shows great variability and asymmetry of export and import indicators. The dependence between the level of economic development of Ukraine’s regions and the commodity trade volume with EU countries is traced. A characteristic feature is the spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of commodity trade in Ukraine’s regions according to the predominant directions of foreign commodity trade relations. The western regions of Ukraine have the highest level of connectivity of commodity trade with the countries of the European Union, which is explained by better transport accessibility to EU markets and the development of cross-border cooperation. According to the main directions of trade flows and on the basis of a comparison of the connectivity and balance coefficients of commodity trade with EU countries, six types of Ukraine’s regions are identified. The novelty of the research is the identification of the features of regional differentiation and significant asymmetry in the commodity trade of Ukraine’s regions with the countries of the European Union based on the criterion of connectivity and symmetry of trade flows using spatial analysis.
{"title":"SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF COMMODITY TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU","authors":"Eugenia Maruniak, V. Lazhnik, S. Puhach","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"At the current stage of the socio-economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression, the topical issue is the expansion of foreign economic relations with EU member countries. The purpose of the study is a spatial analysis of the features of regional differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the countries of the European Union in the context of expanding trade and economic relations after signing the Agreement on a free trade zone with the EU and granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership. Such research methods as structural and spatial analysis, statistical and correlation analysis, and typological analysis were used. The dynamics of commodity trade between Ukraine and the EU in 2001–2021 are analyzed and the main trends in interstate trade in goods were identified. It has been revealed that the general trend of bilateral trade relations with the countries of the European Union in the 21st century is generally similar to the trend of the turnover of foreign commodity trade between Ukraine and all countries of the world. It has been established that the spatial differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the EU clearly shows great variability and asymmetry of export and import indicators. The dependence between the level of economic development of Ukraine’s regions and the commodity trade volume with EU countries is traced. A characteristic feature is the spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of commodity trade in Ukraine’s regions according to the predominant directions of foreign commodity trade relations. The western regions of Ukraine have the highest level of connectivity of commodity trade with the countries of the European Union, which is explained by better transport accessibility to EU markets and the development of cross-border cooperation. According to the main directions of trade flows and on the basis of a comparison of the connectivity and balance coefficients of commodity trade with EU countries, six types of Ukraine’s regions are identified. The novelty of the research is the identification of the features of regional differentiation and significant asymmetry in the commodity trade of Ukraine’s regions with the countries of the European Union based on the criterion of connectivity and symmetry of trade flows using spatial analysis.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48130720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sergeyeva, S. A. Yessembek, A. Abdullina, G. K. Baubekova
The concept of improving the content and structure of school geographic education was based on the following logic of building the subject: Earth Science—Country Studies (physical geography of continents and oceans)—Geography of the Republic of Kazakhstan—Geography of the World. The content of all geography courses in school was built on the basis of comprehensive country studies along with the scientific popularization of geographical knowledge available to basic school students. In the modern geography curriculum for 7–9 and 10–11 grades, the content of regional studies is of socio-economic and geopolitical nature. A feature of the curriculum is the emphasis of students on mathematical modeling, on research activities, it is proposed to introduce the use of previously acquired knowledge to achieve the students’ goals; new knowledge is closely related to previous and considered in terms of the information received; the complexity of the topic or subject increases with each repetition; the spiral educational program allows to move from simple ideas to more complex in a convenient way. The content of school geography also needs further integration of the content of physical and socio-economic geography in unified country studies courses. Comprehensive country studies create a reliable foundation for holistic geography and serve as the core of a comprehensive study of individual territories of the world. In connection with the change in modern curricula, the hours of the regional chapter have decreased and have gone through other changes. To improve country studies in Kazakhstan, a high-quality teaching method is used. Due to improvements in teaching country studies 300 teachers took part in an online Google questionnaire prepared by researchers. The received data was evaluated by SWOT analysis.
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF THE GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL CURRICULUM FOR THE SECTION ‘COUNTRY STUDIES’ IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"A. Sergeyeva, S. A. Yessembek, A. Abdullina, G. K. Baubekova","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.02.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.060","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of improving the content and structure of school geographic education was based on the following logic of building the subject: Earth Science—Country Studies (physical geography of continents and oceans)—Geography of the Republic of Kazakhstan—Geography of the World. The content of all geography courses in school was built on the basis of comprehensive country studies along with the scientific popularization of geographical knowledge available to basic school students. In the modern geography curriculum for 7–9 and 10–11 grades, the content of regional studies is of socio-economic and geopolitical nature. A feature of the curriculum is the emphasis of students on mathematical modeling, on research activities, it is proposed to introduce the use of previously acquired knowledge to achieve the students’ goals; new knowledge is closely related to previous and considered in terms of the information received; the complexity of the topic or subject increases with each repetition; the spiral educational program allows to move from simple ideas to more complex in a convenient way. The content of school geography also needs further integration of the content of physical and socio-economic geography in unified country studies courses. Comprehensive country studies create a reliable foundation for holistic geography and serve as the core of a comprehensive study of individual territories of the world. In connection with the change in modern curricula, the hours of the regional chapter have decreased and have gone through other changes. To improve country studies in Kazakhstan, a high-quality teaching method is used. Due to improvements in teaching country studies 300 teachers took part in an online Google questionnaire prepared by researchers. The received data was evaluated by SWOT analysis.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main purpose of this researching—to give for all potential readers and specialists soviet tourist schemes like a source of urban, demographic, and economic processes in the former USSR period 1972–1991. Tourist schemes appeals to guest, who has come to a new area for a short term. This man needs accommodations, and he should find the best way to attractive places it may be the person who can show him around, but usually it’s just a map or tourist scheme. Tourist schemes of soviet period developed and edited by different printing-factories, they have individual features and specificity and need to be studied further for retrospective goals. It would be the great especially for modern printing-companies producing the maps and tourist schemes nowadays, during the period of independence of Ukraine. We are convinced the good private collection is the best source and base for this research, often it turns the good collection—the better than a library fund.
{"title":"TOURIST MAP-SCHEMES OF CITIES: RETROSPECTION","authors":"S. O. Gadun, L. Smolska","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.02.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.071","url":null,"abstract":"Main purpose of this researching—to give for all potential readers and specialists soviet tourist schemes like a source of urban, demographic, and economic processes in the former USSR period 1972–1991. Tourist schemes appeals to guest, who has come to a new area for a short term. This man needs accommodations, and he should find the best way to attractive places it may be the person who can show him around, but usually it’s just a map or tourist scheme. Tourist schemes of soviet period developed and edited by different printing-factories, they have individual features and specificity and need to be studied further for retrospective goals. It would be the great especially for modern printing-companies producing the maps and tourist schemes nowadays, during the period of independence of Ukraine. We are convinced the good private collection is the best source and base for this research, often it turns the good collection—the better than a library fund.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47959945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the key demographic trends and dynamics of social infrastructure development in rural areas of Ukraine in historical retrospect (1959-2021). The regional specificity of rural population depopulation is determined with an emphasis on sex and age structure transformations, and the regions are grouped by the nature of changes in rural fertility and mortality. The dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the social sphere of life support, which is considered as the basis for the preservation and reproduction of human capital in rural areas, are analyzed. The novelty of the study is the analysis of the long-term depopulation demographic trend, as well as changes in the development of social infrastructure in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, with the presentation of examples of mapping schemes illustrating these processes.
{"title":"DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: TRENDS IN CHANGE","authors":"I. Gukalova","doi":"10.15407/ugz2023.02.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the key demographic trends and dynamics of social infrastructure development in rural areas of Ukraine in historical retrospect (1959-2021). The regional specificity of rural population depopulation is determined with an emphasis on sex and age structure transformations, and the regions are grouped by the nature of changes in rural fertility and mortality. The dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the social sphere of life support, which is considered as the basis for the preservation and reproduction of human capital in rural areas, are analyzed. The novelty of the study is the analysis of the long-term depopulation demographic trend, as well as changes in the development of social infrastructure in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, with the presentation of examples of mapping schemes illustrating these processes.","PeriodicalId":36917,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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