THE SINGLE MORPHEME -ED/-EN OF THE ENGLISH PAST/PASSIVE

J. Emonds
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Abstract

All English regular verbs and about half its irregular verbs have the same form for the finite past tense and the past participle. The finite past tense is different from the participle only for a closed class of about 100 irregular verbs. These latter can be analyzed by a lexical device of wide-ranging applicability called Alternative Realization. All other Past forms of Vs, finite and non-finite, can then be derived from a single morpheme -ed which appears in two contexts: one when V is finite and one when it is selected by a semantically empty stative verb, have or be. There is also a third use of -ed to form passive participles, in both verbal and adjectival passives.The paper presents a formalized system of selection features for lexical items including but going beyond classical subcategorization. This system permits formulating a single full lexical entry for the suffix -ed that covers all its uses. The final version of this entry exemplifies how to specify Alternative Realization, uninterpretabili...
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英语过去式/被动语态的单素-ed / -en
所有英语规则动词和大约一半的不规则动词的有限过去时和过去分词都有相同的形式。有限过去时与分词的区别只存在于大约100个不规则动词的封闭类别中。后者可以通过一种被称为替代实现的广泛适用的词汇装置来分析。V的所有其他过去式,不管是有限的还是非有限的,都可以由一个单一的语素ed派生出来,这个语素ed出现在两种语境中:一种是在V是有限的情况下,另一种是在V被语义上空的静态动词have或be选中的情况下。还有第三种用法-ed构成被动分词,在动词性和形容词的被动语态中都有。本文提出了一个形式化的词项选择特征系统,包括但超越了经典的子分类。这个系统允许为后缀-ed制定一个完整的词汇条目,涵盖它的所有用法。这个条目的最终版本举例说明了如何指定替代实现、不可解释…
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