Pier Marco Bertinetto, C. Finocchiaro, Clara Rastelli
It is generally assumed that, within an inflectional paradigm, some forms are cognitively more salient than others. Although this effect is the result of various concomitant factors to which all forms of the given paradigm concur, the existence of salient forms is crucial to assist the speaker in predicting the remaining forms of the paradigm. The notion of ‘salient form(s)’ was implicit in the so-called Kennform(en) proposed by Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel as inflectional class marker(s). A possible candidate to salience is the so-called citation-form, i.e. the form by means of which lexemes are referred to in a dictionary, but this should be checked on a language-by-language basis. The present paper addresses the task of defining the most salient form(s) within the Italian verb paradigm. By means of three lexical decision experiments, the performance on the Infinitive (the citation-form) was compared with the performance on its most likely competitors, i.e. the Present Indicative 3SG, which is the most frequent form of most verbs, and the Present Indicative 1SG, which is selected as citation-form in some lexicographic traditions. The results indicate that the Infinitive and the Present Indicative 3SG prevail over the Present Indicative 1SG – as well as on various other forms used as controls and fillers in the experiments – but do not differ from each other. This offers an interesting insight into the organization of a complex verb paradigm, such as the Italian one. In particular, it shows that salience depends on the interaction of various morphological and psycholinguistic factors, whose relative weight is a function of the specific language considered.
{"title":"Looking for the Kennformen of the Italian verb paradigm. An experimental study","authors":"Pier Marco Bertinetto, C. Finocchiaro, Clara Rastelli","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00015","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally assumed that, within an inflectional paradigm, some forms are cognitively more salient than others. Although this effect is the result of various concomitant factors to which all forms of the given paradigm concur, the existence of salient forms is crucial to assist the speaker in predicting the remaining forms of the paradigm. The notion of ‘salient form(s)’ was implicit in the so-called Kennform(en) proposed by Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel as inflectional class marker(s). A possible candidate to salience is the so-called citation-form, i.e. the form by means of which lexemes are referred to in a dictionary, but this should be checked on a language-by-language basis. The present paper addresses the task of defining the most salient form(s) within the Italian verb paradigm. By means of three lexical decision experiments, the performance on the Infinitive (the citation-form) was compared with the performance on its most likely competitors, i.e. the Present Indicative 3SG, which is the most frequent form of most verbs, and the Present Indicative 1SG, which is selected as citation-form in some lexicographic traditions. The results indicate that the Infinitive and the Present Indicative 3SG prevail over the Present Indicative 1SG – as well as on various other forms used as controls and fillers in the experiments – but do not differ from each other. This offers an interesting insight into the organization of a complex verb paradigm, such as the Italian one. In particular, it shows that salience depends on the interaction of various morphological and psycholinguistic factors, whose relative weight is a function of the specific language considered.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"219-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review of “Person, Case, and Agreement: The Morphosyntax of Inverse Agreement and Global Case Splits” by András Bárány","authors":"Dalina Kallulli","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"247-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47654480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article looks at what is referred to as the tense/lax contrast in English and proposes that members of the two sets of vowel have the same basic structure but differ in how part of that structure is made use of by its neighbours. The proposal forms part of a general theory of the representation of vowel height within the framework of Government Phonology 2.0.
{"title":"Tense? (Re)lax!","authors":"M. Pöchtrager","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00005","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at what is referred to as the tense/lax contrast in English and proposes that members of the two sets of vowel have the same basic structure but differ in how part of that structure is made use of by its neighbours. The proposal forms part of a general theory of the representation of vowel height within the framework of Government Phonology 2.0.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"53-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44743706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I argue that English has no voicing assimilation, in fact, it does not have phonologically voiced segments at all. Voicing in English is spontaneous in sonorants, while obstruents may be phonetically voiced only if lenis and surrounded by spontaneously or passively voiced sounds. The paper claims that most obstruent clusters of English are traditionally misanalysed as fortis+fortis clusters. These clusters are all either fortis+lenis or lenis+fortis; in fact, fortis+fortis clusters are completely ruled out in English.
{"title":"Emancipating lenes","authors":"Peter D Szigetvari","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00004","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that English has no voicing assimilation, in fact, it does not have phonologically voiced segments at all. Voicing in English is spontaneous in sonorants, while obstruents may be phonetically voiced only if lenis and surrounded by spontaneously or passively voiced sounds. The paper claims that most obstruent clusters of English are traditionally misanalysed as fortis+fortis clusters. These clusters are all either fortis+lenis or lenis+fortis; in fact, fortis+fortis clusters are completely ruled out in English.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45233000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a complete, exclusively phonological account of the alternations in the paradigms of the two largest verbal types in the Ethio-Semitic language Tigre. It is proposed that “weakfinal” verbs are constructed using the same templates and vocalizations as “strong” verbs. All of the differences between the two inflectional paradigms follow from weak-final verbs involving a vowel /e/ where strong verbs position a consonant. The analysis, conducted with the tools of Strict CV Phonology and Element Theory, is the first of its kind for Tigre.
{"title":"The inflection of Tigre weak-final and strong verbs","authors":"N. Faust","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a complete, exclusively phonological account of the alternations in the paradigms of the two largest verbal types in the Ethio-Semitic language Tigre. It is proposed that “weakfinal” verbs are constructed using the same templates and vocalizations as “strong” verbs. All of the differences between the two inflectional paradigms follow from weak-final verbs involving a vowel /e/ where strong verbs position a consonant. The analysis, conducted with the tools of Strict CV Phonology and Element Theory, is the first of its kind for Tigre.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"135-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the perspective of standard generative phonological theory, syllable structure is not recorded in the lexicon but it is obtained by means of a syllabification algorithm based on a series of principles. In a given language, the algorithm should parse obstruent+liquid clusters as tautosyllabic both in word-initial and word-internal positions. The tautosyllabic parse as a branching onset complies with all principles on which the syllable-building algorithm is based. In standard theory, if branching onsets of obstruent+liquid are allowed in a language and documented in word-initial position, tautosyllabic parse is predicted to hold also word-internally. Likewise, Kaye’s (1992) Uniformity Principle makes the same prediction, since it states that sequences of contiguous positions that are in a governing relation and contain the same phonological material have the same constituent structure. The present paper draws attention to empirical data showing obstruent+liquid clusters being parsed tautosyllabically in word-initial position and heterosyllabically in word-internal position in the same language. An account is proposed to explain the data discussed, claiming that positional factors may also be relevant in determining syllabification.
{"title":"Positional factors in syllabification","authors":"Diana Passino","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00007","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of standard generative phonological theory, syllable structure is not recorded in the lexicon but it is obtained by means of a syllabification algorithm based on a series of principles. In a given language, the algorithm should parse obstruent+liquid clusters as tautosyllabic both in word-initial and word-internal positions. The tautosyllabic parse as a branching onset complies with all principles on which the syllable-building algorithm is based. In standard theory, if branching onsets of obstruent+liquid are allowed in a language and documented in word-initial position, tautosyllabic parse is predicted to hold also word-internally. Likewise, Kaye’s (1992) Uniformity Principle makes the same prediction, since it states that sequences of contiguous positions that are in a governing relation and contain the same phonological material have the same constituent structure. The present paper draws attention to empirical data showing obstruent+liquid clusters being parsed tautosyllabically in word-initial position and heterosyllabically in word-internal position in the same language. An account is proposed to explain the data discussed, claiming that positional factors may also be relevant in determining syllabification.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"91-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galician presents an intriguing case of opaque phonologically-conditioned definite article allomorphy (PCA). Though Galician features in the general literature on PCA (Nevins 2011), there is a surprising lack of synchronic theoretical discussion of this specific pattern. The data appears to require allomorph selection arranged in a system of Priority (Mascaró 2005; Bonet et al. 2003; 2007). The pattern involves opaque segment ‘deletion’ and resyllabification, where segment deletion counterbleeds allomorph insertion along with morphologically-specific segmental changes. A Strict CV representational reanalysis is proposed in which there is no true allomorphy (no selection between competing underlying morphemes). All the forms are generated from a single underlying form, thereby undercutting PRIORITY.
{"title":"Segment–zero alternations in Galician definite article allomorphy","authors":"Shanti Ulfsbjorninn","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Galician presents an intriguing case of opaque phonologically-conditioned definite article allomorphy (PCA). Though Galician features in the general literature on PCA (Nevins 2011), there is a surprising lack of synchronic theoretical discussion of this specific pattern. The data appears to require allomorph selection arranged in a system of Priority (Mascaró 2005; Bonet et al. 2003; 2007). The pattern involves opaque segment ‘deletion’ and resyllabification, where segment deletion counterbleeds allomorph insertion along with morphologically-specific segmental changes. A Strict CV representational reanalysis is proposed in which there is no true allomorphy (no selection between competing underlying morphemes). All the forms are generated from a single underlying form, thereby undercutting PRIORITY.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"67 1","pages":"155-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1556/2062.2017.64.1.2
A. Lipták, I. Kenesei
In this paper we will argue that contrary to the received view passive potential affixation in Hungarian primarily derives complex syntactic objects rather than adjectives. By means of a number of tests we show the differences between the two classes of items bearing the homophonous affix -hato/hető : one a nonfinite verb form, the other a lexicalized adjective. In addition to a syntactic analysis of this composite affix, a typology is provided for languages that have similar constructions.
{"title":"Passive potential affixation: syntax or lexicon?","authors":"A. Lipták, I. Kenesei","doi":"10.1556/2062.2017.64.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2017.64.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will argue that contrary to the received view passive potential affixation in Hungarian primarily derives complex syntactic objects rather than adjectives. By means of a number of tests we show the differences between the two classes of items bearing the homophonous affix -hato/hető : one a nonfinite verb form, the other a lexicalized adjective. In addition to a syntactic analysis of this composite affix, a typology is provided for languages that have similar constructions.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"64 1","pages":"45-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/2062.2017.64.1.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42613878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.4
Axel Wisiorek, Zsófia Schön
In this paper we describe the data processing procedures and the preliminary results of the project Ob-Ugric database (OUDB), a web-based framework which aims at developing corpus-based descriptive resources of Khanty and Mansi dialects. Using established language documentation and annotation tools, OUDB provides interlinked corpus and lexicon data from digitized texts as well as recent fieldwork studies in an uniform IPA-transcription together with the corresponding audio recordings thus making these less described languages of the Ob-Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family accessible for researchers as well as the language community and archiving the raw data for documentation, linguistic evaluation and possible future use in building resources for language technology applications.
{"title":"Ob-Ugric database: Corpus and lexicon databases of Khanty and Mansi dialects","authors":"Axel Wisiorek, Zsófia Schön","doi":"10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe the data processing procedures and the preliminary results of the project Ob-Ugric database (OUDB), a web-based framework which aims at developing corpus-based descriptive resources of Khanty and Mansi dialects. Using established language documentation and annotation tools, OUDB provides interlinked corpus and lexicon data from digitized texts as well as recent fieldwork studies in an uniform IPA-transcription together with the corresponding audio recordings thus making these less described languages of the Ob-Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family accessible for researchers as well as the language community and archiving the raw data for documentation, linguistic evaluation and possible future use in building resources for language technology applications.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"64 1","pages":"383-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67001325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.3
J. Bradley
The aim of this paper is to introduce my efforts to create server-sided (i.e., platform independent web-based, from a user’s perspective) automatic transcription and transliteration software for Uralic and non-Uralic languages of Russia. For ten literary standards — Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Komi, Udmurt, Erzya, Moksha, Russian, Tatar, Bashkir, Chuvash — an operational interface can be found at transcribe.mari-language.com and the source code at source.mari-language.com, published under a Creative Commons license. This paper details many of the fine aspects of writing systems used for (Meadow) Mari that I had to take into consideration when creating transcription mechanisms for that language.
{"title":"Transcribe.mari-language.com: Automatic transcriptions and transliterations for ten languages of Russia","authors":"J. Bradley","doi":"10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to introduce my efforts to create server-sided (i.e., platform independent web-based, from a user’s perspective) automatic transcription and transliteration software for Uralic and non-Uralic languages of Russia. For ten literary standards — Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Komi, Udmurt, Erzya, Moksha, Russian, Tatar, Bashkir, Chuvash — an operational interface can be found at transcribe.mari-language.com and the source code at source.mari-language.com, published under a Creative Commons license. This paper details many of the fine aspects of writing systems used for (Meadow) Mari that I had to take into consideration when creating transcription mechanisms for that language.","PeriodicalId":54157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hungarica","volume":"64 1","pages":"369-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/2062.2017.64.3.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67001317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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