Person case constraint effects in Polish copular constructions

A. Bondaruk
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The paper examines two patterns found in one type of copular constructions in Polish, i.e., those containing the verbal copula by´ 'be' and the pronominal copula to. In the first pattern the verb by´ 'be' agrees with the second, postverbal element, not with the first one, while in the other 1st and 2nd person pronouns are banned from appearing as the first elements in to bycopular clauses. It is argued that these apparently unrelated patterns are amenable to a uniform analysis couched within the minimalist approach to the Person Case Constraint (henceforth, the PCC). This approach crucially relies on the application of multiple Agree and the assumption that in Polish, just like in other languages, T probes separately for person and number. It is argued that in both patterns under consideration T probes the first DP for person and the second one for number and gender, which accounts for agreement with the second element in the first pattern. If the first DP is 1st or 2nd person, it values the person feature of T as 1st or 2nd and this is responsible for a person clash if the second DP is marked for 3rd person, which accounts for the second pattern. The analysis offered predicts that the two DPs in to byclauses must match in person. It is shown that this prediction may turn out to be problematic in the light of the fact that identity statements and inverted copular sentences allow person mismatch. It is argued that although they seem to be problematic in fact neither in the former nor in the latter the mechanism underlying the PCC effect, i.e., multiple Agree, is operative, but for a different reason. Equatives are analysed along the lines proposed by Perelstvaig (2001; 2008) for Russian and Italian by Moro (1997; 2006), i.e., they are treated as bare small clauses which lack a label unless the second DP is internally merged with the bare small clause and thus provides it with a label (DP). As a result of this movement, the moved DP is closer to the probe T than the other DP, which blocks multiple Agree. In inverted copula sentences, on the other hand, parallel probing by T and C applies, which forces the movement of the inverted element to Spec CP and thus makes it unavailable to Agree with T.
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波兰语连词结构中的人称格约束效应
本文考察了一种波兰语连词结构中的两种模式,即含有动词连词“be”和代词连词“to”的连词。在第一种模式中,动词by“be”与第二种后语元素一致,而不是与第一个后语元素一致,而在其他第一人称和第二人称代词中,禁止作为副合格从句的第一元素出现。有人认为,这些表面上不相关的模式可以用一种统一的分析方法来表达人-事约束(以下简称PCC)。这种方法主要依赖于多个Agree的应用,并假设在波兰语中,就像在其他语言中一样,T分别探测person和number。本文认为,在这两种模式中,T都考察了第一个DP为人,第二个DP为数和性别,这与第一个模式中的第二个元素是一致的。如果第一个DP是第一或第二个人,它将T的人物特征值为第一或第二,如果第二个DP被标记为第三人,这是造成人员冲突的原因,这说明了第二种模式。该分析预测,条款中的两名dp必须亲自匹配。结果表明,这种预测可能会出现问题,因为身份陈述句和倒双关句允许人不匹配。有人认为,虽然它们似乎是有问题的,但事实上,在前者和后者中,PCC效应的机制,即多重同意,是有效的,但原因不同。根据Perelstvaig(2001)提出的思路分析等式;2008)由Moro(1997)翻译为俄语和意大利语;2006),即,它们被视为缺少标签的裸小子句,除非第二个DP在内部与裸小子句合并,从而为其提供标签(DP)。由于这种移动,移动的DP比另一个DP更靠近探测T,这会阻止多个同意。另一方面,在倒立的连词句中,T和C的平行探测适用,这迫使倒立的元素向Spec CP移动,从而使其无法与T一致。
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