Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride release from the enzymatic cleavage of monofluorophosphate.

Abstract

Abstract Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1. Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However, the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed. The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed using the presented method.