The State of Nature and Commercial Sociability in Early Modern International Legal Thought

IF 1.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Grotiana Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI:10.2139/SSRN.1753021
B. Kingsbury, Benjamin Straumann
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引用次数: 49

Abstract

Writing as the recognizable modern idea of the state was being framed, Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694) each took distinctive approaches to the problems of whether and how there could be any legal or moral norms between these states in their emerging forms. They differed in their views of obligation in the state of nature (where ex hypothesi there was no state), in the extent to which they regarded these sovereign states as analogous to individuals in the state of nature, and in the effects they attributed to commerce as a driver of sociability and of norm-structured interactions not dependent on an overarching state. This paper explores the differences between their views on these issues, differences which contributed to the development of the thought of later writers such as Emer de Vattel (1714-1767), David Hume (1711-1776), and Adam Smith (1723-1790), and eventually in more attenuated ways to the different empirical legal methodologies of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and Georg Friedrich von Martens (1756-1821).
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近代早期国际法律思想中的自然状态与商业社会性
雨果·格劳修斯(Hugo Grotius, 1583-1645年)、托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679年)和塞缪尔·普芬多夫(Samuel Pufendorf, 1632-1694年)在撰写公认的现代国家概念时,对这些新兴形式的国家之间是否存在以及如何存在法律或道德规范的问题,各自采取了不同的方法。他们对自然状态下的义务(假设没有国家)的看法不同,他们认为这些主权国家在多大程度上类似于自然状态下的个人,他们认为商业是社交和规范结构互动的驱动力,而不依赖于一个至高无上的国家。本文探讨了他们在这些问题上的观点差异,这些差异对后来的作家如埃默·德·瓦泰尔(1714-1767)、大卫·休谟(1711-1776)和亚当·斯密(1723-1790)的思想发展做出了贡献,并最终以更缓和的方式发展了杰里米·边沁(1748-1832)和乔治·弗里德里克·冯·马滕斯(1756-1821)不同的经验法学方法。
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来源期刊
Grotiana
Grotiana HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
80.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Grotiana appears under the auspices of the Grotiana Foundation. The journal’s leading objective is the furtherance of the Grotian tradition. It will welcome any relevant contribution to a better understanding of Grotius’ life and works. At the same time close attention will be paid to Grotius’ relevance for present-day thinking about world problems. Grotiana therefore intends to be a forum for exchanges concerning the philosophical, ethical and legal fundamentals of the search for an international order. The journal is to be published annually. At intervals thematic issues will be inserted. The preferred language for papers and reviews is English.
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