El TDAH en la etapa preescolar: Una revisión narrativa

IF 0.8 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Revista de Psicologia Clinica con Ninos y Adolescentes Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI:10.21134/rpcna.2022.09.3.5
Jonatan Molina-Torres, Mireia Orgilés, M. Servera
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Abstract

ADHD in Preschool: A Narrative Review. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) is a very heterogeneous and highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. The detection of ADHD in the preschool stage (between 3 and 5 years of age) would allow early intervention, reducing its symptoms and modifying the course of the disorder. The present study aims to review in a narrative way the concept of ADHD in preschool population, its characteristics, the instruments that allow its detection and the available treatments. The clinical symptoms of ADHD in preschoolers are not as frequent as traditionally thought and present a high predictive validity, being frequently maintained over the years. The most common presentation of ADHD at this stage is hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive-dominant presentations occur infrequently. The evaluation of ADHD includes the detection of general psychopathology that may be comorbid to ADHD or that allows a correct differential diagnosis. Several ADHD symptom assessment scales are reliable for the clinical detection of the disorder and should be combined with measures that assess possible associated difficulties. Family interventions are the most frequently used, and pharmacological treatment is not recommended until 6 years of age. However, the results of treatment effectiveness are not very robust. Early preventive intervention is needed in the preschool stage with cases that present or are at risk of presenting ADHD and not “sit and wait”, although more effective interventions need to be found
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学前阶段的多动症:叙事综述
学龄前儿童多动症:叙述性回顾。注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)是一种在儿童和青少年中非常普遍的神经发育障碍。在学龄前阶段(3至5岁之间)检测ADHD将允许早期干预,减少其症状并改变疾病的进程。本研究旨在以叙述的方式回顾学龄前儿童ADHD的概念、特点、检测工具和治疗方法。学龄前儿童ADHD的临床症状并不像传统认为的那样频繁,并且具有很高的预测效度,多年来经常保持。在这个阶段,ADHD最常见的表现是多动/冲动,注意力不集中的表现很少发生。ADHD的评估包括检测可能与ADHD共病或允许正确鉴别诊断的一般精神病理。一些ADHD症状评估量表对该障碍的临床检测是可靠的,应与评估可能相关困难的措施相结合。家庭干预是最常用的,在6岁之前不建议进行药物治疗。然而,治疗效果的结果并不十分可靠。虽然需要找到更有效的干预措施,但在学龄前阶段需要对出现或有可能出现ADHD的病例进行早期预防干预,而不是“坐等”
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
3.60%
发文量
27
审稿时长
16 weeks
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