Biology and natural history of human papillomavirus infection

IF 1.4 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials Pub Date : 2013-01-17 DOI:10.2147/OAJCT.S37741
J. V. Fernandes, J. Araújo, T. A. A. Fernandes
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引用次数: 44

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually trans- mitted diseases worldwide. It has been proposed that the great majority of women and men have been infected with HPV at least once during their lifetime. HPV infection is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, ranging from benign lesions to cervical cancer. In most cases, the infection is transient, where most of the individuals are healing, eliminating the virus without the presence of any clinical manifestation. Actually, more than 120 HPV types have been cataloged, of which approximately 40 can infect the mucosa of the anogenital tract and are collectively known as mucosal HPV, which are classified based on their oncogenic potential as either low- or high-risk HPV types. The low-risk HPV type causes benign hyperproliferative lesions or genital warts, with a very limited tendency for malignant progression, while the high-risk HPV type is strongly associated with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. The HPV cycle initiates when the virus gains access to undifferentiated cells of the basement membrane of the squamous columnar junction epithelium of the ectocervix, after these regions are exposed to mechanical or chemical trauma. The basal cells in the transformation zone retain the ability to differentiate, a property required for virion production. Cervical infection with high-risk HPV typically lasts from 12 to 18 months and in most cases is cleared spontaneously. However, in some women the immune response is insufficient to eliminate the virus, resulting in a persistent, long-term infection that may progress to a malignant lesion. In this review, we discuss the biology and natural history of HPV infection and its association with cervical cancer.
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人乳头瘤病毒感染的生物学和自然史
人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是世界范围内最常见的性传播疾病之一。有人提出,绝大多数女性和男性在其一生中至少感染过一次HPV。HPV感染与多种临床状况有关,从良性病变到宫颈癌。在大多数情况下,感染是短暂的,大多数人在没有任何临床表现的情况下治愈,消除了病毒。实际上,超过120种HPV类型已经被编目,其中大约40种可以感染肛门生殖道粘膜,统称为粘膜HPV,根据其致癌潜力分为低风险或高风险HPV类型。低危型HPV引起良性增生性病变或生殖器疣,恶性进展的趋势非常有限,而高危型HPV与恶性前病变和恶性宫颈病变密切相关。当宫颈外的鳞状柱状连接上皮基底膜受到机械或化学损伤后,病毒进入未分化的细胞,HPV周期开始。转化区的基底细胞保留了分化的能力,这是产生病毒粒子所必需的特性。高危HPV宫颈感染通常持续12至18个月,大多数情况下会自行清除。然而,在一些妇女中,免疫反应不足以消除病毒,导致持续的长期感染,并可能发展为恶性病变。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了HPV感染的生物学和自然史及其与宫颈癌的关系。
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来源期刊
Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials
Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
审稿时长
16 weeks
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