Chemical route for synthesis of citric acid from orange and grape juices

IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.2298/ciceq200820025n
B. Naveen, S. Sivamani, Azucena Cuento, S. Pachiyappan
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Abstract

Citrus fruits contain sufficient citric acid which is a main tricarboxylic acid. The properties of citric acid make it an important additive in various process industries. The aim of this experimental study is to produce citric acid from orange and grape juices. The chemical route for synthesis of citric acid from citrus juices involves three steps: (i) Neutralization to adjust pH (9-11) with 2.8 M NaOH solution, (ii) Addition of CaCl2 solution (40.3-41.1% (w/v)), and (iii) Acidification with H2SO4 solution (1.5-2.3 M) to produce citric acid. In this study, the fruits were peeled, crushed, filtered, neutralized, added CaCl2 solution and acidified to obtain citric acid. The experiments were carried out by varying final pH of solution, concentrations of CaCl2 and H2SO4 solutions maintaining volume constant. A maximum yield of citric acid at 91.1 and 79.8% from orange and grape fruits at optimum final pH of solution, concentrations of CaCl2 and H2SO4 solutions at 10, 40.7% (w/v) and 1.9 M respectively were achieved. Finally, the purified citric acid crystals were characterized using FTIR and XRD. Thus, it could be concluded that orange fruit would be a promising source for the production of citric acid than grape.
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橙汁、葡萄汁合成柠檬酸的化学路线
柑橘类水果含有充足的柠檬酸,柠檬酸是主要的三羧酸。柠檬酸的特性使其成为各种加工工业的重要添加剂。本实验研究的目的是从橙汁和葡萄汁中提取柠檬酸。柑桔汁合成柠檬酸的化学路线包括三个步骤:(i)用2.8 M NaOH溶液中和以调节pH (9-11), (ii)加入CaCl2溶液(40.3-41.1% (w/v)), (iii)用H2SO4溶液(1.5-2.3 M)酸化生成柠檬酸。在本研究中,水果剥皮,粉碎,过滤,中和,加入CaCl2溶液,酸化得到柠檬酸。实验通过改变溶液的最终pH值,CaCl2和H2SO4溶液的浓度保持体积恒定来进行。在最终pH、CaCl2和H2SO4浓度分别为10、40.7% (w/v)和1.9 M的条件下,柑橘和葡萄柠檬酸产率最高,分别为91.1%和79.8%。最后,用FTIR和XRD对纯化后的柠檬酸晶体进行了表征。由此可见,与葡萄相比,柑橘是生产柠檬酸的理想原料。
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来源期刊
Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly CHEMISTRY, APPLIED-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal invites contributions to the following two main areas: • Applied Chemistry dealing with the application of basic chemical sciences to industry • Chemical Engineering dealing with the chemical and biochemical conversion of raw materials into different products as well as the design and operation of plants and equipment. The Journal welcomes contributions focused on: Chemical and Biochemical Engineering [...] Process Systems Engineering[...] Environmental Chemical and Process Engineering[...] Materials Synthesis and Processing[...] Food and Bioproducts Processing[...] Process Technology[...]
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