The effect of spatial and interpersonal variables on the invasion of group controlled territories.

Abstract

A neglected but important aspect of human territorial behavior is the appropriation of space by two or more individuals. In a previous study it was found that single individuals are extremely reluctant to intrude upon such group-shared space although the degree to which this was true depended upon the spatial parameters of the situation. In the present report studies investigating a number of variables influencing such intrusions are described. Variables found to influence reliably the frequency of intrusion were sex composition of groups, activity of groups, and spatial parameters. In agreement with the earlier study intrusion was reduced only when distances maintained by groups were not beyond Hall's (1966) specifications for "personal distance." The implication of the reactions to such enforced intrusions as occur frequently in urban environments is discussed.