Individual-psychological and pathocarterological features of patients with depressive disorders

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Abstract

The problem of depressive disorders is one of the most important problems of modern psychiatry due to the high prevalence and signifi cant medical and social consequences of depression, which determines the relevance of the study of individual psychological and pathocharacterological characteristics of patients with depressive disorders for prevention of depression. The aim of the study: to determine the individual psychological and pathocharacterological characteristics of patients with depressive disorders, taking into account age and sex of patients. Objectives of the study: to determine the structure and quantify the severity of individual psychological and pathocharacterological characteristics, as well as to establish their relationship with the severity of aff ective symptoms in patients with depressive disorders in diff erent age groups and taking into account sex of patients. Methods: using Mini-Mult test clinically and psychologically examined 107 men and 138 women with depressive disorders. Results. It was found that patients with depressive disorders have stable characteristics of dysthymia (84.1±4.6 T-points in men, 81.3±1.9 T-points in women, p<0.01), anxiety (respectively 78,8±9.5 T-points and 83.7±8.3 T-points, p<0.01) in combination with hypochondriac fi xations (71.4±8.5 T-points and 75.6±5.7 T-points, p<0.01), and moderate manifestations of rigidity, dissociative traits and psychopathy. Sex diff erences are more pronounced in men with persistent dysthymic and rigid traits, and in women – hypochondriac, anxious traits and manifestations of aff ective lability. The most signifi cant pathocharacterological features are manifested in the initial stages of the disease, which is manifested by the greatest diff erences in their manifestations between younger and middle age groups, especially in relation to hypochondriac, dissociative, rigid, schizoid characteristics and manifestations of psychopathy. Persistent hypochondriac, dysthymic and aff ectively labile traits are positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety, however, this relationship is not absolute and refl ects the complex clinical, pathogenetic and pathopsychological patterns of personality change in depressive disorders.
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抑郁症患者的个体心理和病理特征
抑郁症的问题是现代精神病学最重要的问题之一,因为抑郁症的高患病率和显著的医学和社会后果,这决定了抑郁症患者的个体心理和病理特征的研究与预防抑郁症的相关性。本研究的目的是:考虑到患者的年龄和性别,确定抑郁症患者的个体心理和病理特征。研究目的:确定个体心理和病理特征的结构和量化严重程度,并在考虑患者性别的情况下,确定其与不同年龄组抑郁症患者不良症状严重程度的关系。方法:采用Mini-Mult试验对107例男性抑郁症患者和138例女性抑郁症患者进行临床和心理检查。结果发现,抑郁症患者有稳定的心境恶劣(男性84.1±4.6 t点,女性81.3±1.9 t点,p<0.01)、焦虑(分别为78,8±9.5 t点和83.7±8.3 t点,p<0.01)合并忧郁症(分别为71.4±8.5 t点和75.6±5.7 t点,p<0.01)、中度僵硬、解离性和精神病表现。性别差异在男性中更为明显,男性表现为持续的情绪恶劣和僵化特征,而女性表现为疑病症、焦虑特征和消极的表现。最显著的病理特征表现在疾病的初始阶段,其表现在中青年群体之间差异最大,特别是在疑病症、解离性、僵硬性、分裂样特征和精神病表现方面。持续疑病、情绪恶劣、情绪不稳定等特征与抑郁、焦虑的严重程度呈正相关,但这种关系并非绝对,反映了人格改变抑郁症复杂的临床、发病和病理心理模式。
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