Role of the Dairy Cow in World Food Production

IF 3.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Journal of Dairy Science Pub Date : 1979-02-01 DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83246-4
Harlow J. Hodgson
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

Cattle were domesticated 6,000 to 10,000 yr ago and have contributed greatly to human welfare. Important developments in agricultural history are specialized dairy breeds together with the necessary feed base and nutrition technology. Milk is a highly nutritious food — a perfect complement to cereal based diets. World-wide the average ratio of humans to cows milked is 20, ranging from about 5 in Oceania and USSR to 125 in mainland China. Milk produced per capita averages 98 kg, ranging from less than 1 kg in Indonesia to 765 kg in Oceania. Productivity per cow ranges from 333 kg in Africa to 4,560 in North America.

Dairy cattle are the most efficient of all farm livestock in converting feed protein and energy to food. Escalating fossil energy costs and reduced supplies may precipitate sharp changes in systems of livestock production in the world, particularly those that are energy intensive. Greater reliance on high quality forages will become necessary. Potential for world forage production and for milk production from forages is several times current production. Improved forage production is essential to exploit potential for milk production in the tropics and subtropics where anticipated population increases are greatest, current per capita consumption is low, and need for animal protein is high. Population pressures and energy supply and cost could limit expansion of the dairy industry into these areas.

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奶牛在世界粮食生产中的作用
牛在6000到10000年前就被驯化了,对人类的福利做出了巨大的贡献。农业历史上的重要发展是专门的奶牛品种以及必要的饲料基础和营养技术。牛奶是一种营养丰富的食物,是谷物饮食的完美补充。在世界范围内,人与奶牛的平均比例是20,从大洋洲和苏联的5到中国大陆的125。人均牛奶产量为98公斤,从印度尼西亚的不足1公斤到大洋洲的765公斤不等。每头牛的产量从非洲的333公斤到北美的4560公斤不等。在将饲料蛋白质和能量转化为食物方面,奶牛是所有家畜中效率最高的。化石能源成本上升和供应减少可能促使世界畜牧业生产系统,特别是能源密集型畜牧业生产系统发生急剧变化。更多地依赖高质量的饲料将变得必要。世界饲料生产和用饲料生产牛奶的潜力是目前产量的几倍。改善饲料生产对于开发热带和亚热带地区的牛奶生产潜力至关重要,这些地区预计人口增长最大,目前人均消费量低,对动物蛋白的需求高。人口压力、能源供应和成本可能会限制乳制品行业向这些地区的扩张。
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来源期刊
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Dairy Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
17.10%
发文量
784
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.
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