Chronic Kidney Disease Staging Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kedah, Malaysia: Prevalence and its Factor Associated

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one of the significant predictors of the development of CKD. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for CKD among diabetes type II diabetes mellitus patients. This cross-sectional study using secondary data from National Diabetes Registry’s (NDR) audited patients for the year of 2018 to 2020 at Padang Terap, Kedah. All audited patients were included in the analysis of the study. The eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine value and classified into CKD status based on KDIGO classification. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors. A total of 963 patients were involved in this study. The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients was 38.6% (95% CI: 35.5, 41.7). The factors associated with CKD among T2DM patients were age group (p<0.05), female [adj. OR: 1.974 (95%CI: 1.460, 2.669). triglyceride [Adj. OR: 1.263 (95%CI: 1.099, 1.451)], high density lipoprotein [Adj. OR: 0.663 (95%CI: 0.425, 0.989)] and patients received calcium channel blocker [Adj. OR = 0.658 (95%CI: 0.499, 0.868)]. The statistical model can discriminate 68.8% [95%CI: 65.4, 73.5), p<0.001]) to predict CKD among DM patients. Age, female, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and treatment with calcium channel blocker were found to be significant factors for CKD among T2DM patients. Treating patients with anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic are very important to reduce the prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients.