The average tenure of a Dean is 4.1 years according to The National Jurist Magazine [1]. Today it appears that Deans of Schools of Public Health and/or Health Sciences pass fleetingly on the academic chessboard in higher education institutions. They then return to either to the classroom as a faculty member or disappear into the mist of the academic unknown as an emeritus professor. The challenges and changing roles of Dean's duties and responsibilities in the School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, or Medical Schools are different today than they were twenty years ago. This paper will focus on what new Deans must understand and do to succeed today in higher education institutions in the 21st century. Key words: Academic Leadership; Higher Education Institutions; School of Public Health; Colleges of Health Science; Medical School Leadership; Dean’s Responsibilities.
{"title":"The Changing and Challenging Role of Deans of Schools of Public Health","authors":"R. Buckingham, R. Ferretti","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100216","url":null,"abstract":"The average tenure of a Dean is 4.1 years according to The National Jurist Magazine [1]. Today it appears that Deans of Schools of Public Health and/or Health Sciences pass fleetingly on the academic chessboard in higher education institutions. They then return to either to the classroom as a faculty member or disappear into the mist of the academic unknown as an emeritus professor. The challenges and changing roles of Dean's duties and responsibilities in the School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, or Medical Schools are different today than they were twenty years ago. This paper will focus on what new Deans must understand and do to succeed today in higher education institutions in the 21st century. Key words: Academic Leadership; Higher Education Institutions; School of Public Health; Colleges of Health Science; Medical School Leadership; Dean’s Responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Yasin, M. Isa, Nafiza Mat-Nasir, F. Ariffin, Fadhlina Abd-Majid, B. Palafox, Martin J. McKee
Hypertension is a major modifiable determinant of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with hypertension control in men and women among the low-income individuals (B40) group with hypertension in Malaysia. The communities were selected from rural and urban populations in four peninsular states. Following a multistage sampling approach, communities in each stratum were selected according to probability proportional to the size and identified based on national census data by the community and administrative registers. Eligible individuals were those aged between 35 and 70 years old, self-reported or identified as hypertensive at screening. A survey using validated questionnaires was conducted. The prevalence of controlled hypertension was 33.1% (95%CI: 24.7, 41.5) in men and 34.0% (95%CI: 29.0, 39.0%) in women respondents. In men, hypertension control rates were positively associated with individuals who received or heard any information about hypertension [(Adj. OR: 2.95 (95%CI: 1.02, 8.52)], having two or more comorbidities [Adj. OR: 6.38 (955CI: 1.37, 29.62)] and those who had regular treatment for hypertension [Adj. OR: 14.51 (95%CI: 1.46, 44.21)]. Whereas, in women, hypertension control rates were positively associated with race whereas the non-Malay had more controlled status compared to Malay [Adj. OR: 5.94, (95%CI: 1.26, 28.09)] and those who regularly see the health professional [Adj. OR: 5.68 (95%CI: 1.94, 16.63)]. Health education and promotion programs need to be conducted to disseminate more information about hypertension to the community. Clinical services need to be improved mostly on regular follow up, giving proper consultation on treatment and treating patients to increase the prevalence of hypertension control.
{"title":"Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control among Low-Income Individuals (B40) with Hypertension in Malaysia: the RESPOND Study","authors":"M. M. Yasin, M. Isa, Nafiza Mat-Nasir, F. Ariffin, Fadhlina Abd-Majid, B. Palafox, Martin J. McKee","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100217","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a major modifiable determinant of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with hypertension control in men and women among the low-income individuals (B40) group with hypertension in Malaysia. The communities were selected from rural and urban populations in four peninsular states. Following a multistage sampling approach, communities in each stratum were selected according to probability proportional to the size and identified based on national census data by the community and administrative registers. Eligible individuals were those aged between 35 and 70 years old, self-reported or identified as hypertensive at screening. A survey using validated questionnaires was conducted. The prevalence of controlled hypertension was 33.1% (95%CI: 24.7, 41.5) in men and 34.0% (95%CI: 29.0, 39.0%) in women respondents. In men, hypertension control rates were positively associated with individuals who received or heard any information about hypertension [(Adj. OR: 2.95 (95%CI: 1.02, 8.52)], having two or more comorbidities [Adj. OR: 6.38 (955CI: 1.37, 29.62)] and those who had regular treatment for hypertension [Adj. OR: 14.51 (95%CI: 1.46, 44.21)]. Whereas, in women, hypertension control rates were positively associated with race whereas the non-Malay had more controlled status compared to Malay [Adj. OR: 5.94, (95%CI: 1.26, 28.09)] and those who regularly see the health professional [Adj. OR: 5.68 (95%CI: 1.94, 16.63)]. Health education and promotion programs need to be conducted to disseminate more information about hypertension to the community. Clinical services need to be improved mostly on regular follow up, giving proper consultation on treatment and treating patients to increase the prevalence of hypertension control.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI, perceived weight and academic performance in African American students (N=78) attending a majority-minority school. Assessments were performed during a summer academic enrichment program. Perceived weight determined from responses to a data collection questionnaire. Height and weight were measured to determine BMI. Standardized test scores and grade point averages were collected from students’ respective schools. Perceived weight and actual BMI were positively correlated (rpb= .72; p < .01). There was a positive relationship between perceived weight and reading (rpb= .345, p < .05) and English/language arts (ELA rpb= .323, p <.05) for female participants. Results indicated no relationship between BMI, perceived weight and academic performance. As perception of weight increased, reading and ELA standardized test scores increased for female participants. Further research is warranted to ascertain whether perceived weight is a protective factor for African-American females.
本研究的目的是确定78名非裔美国学生(N=78)在一所少数族裔学校的BMI、感知体重和学习成绩之间的关系。评估是在夏季学术充实计划中进行的。根据对数据收集问卷的回答确定感知重量。测量身高和体重以确定BMI。标准化考试成绩和平均绩点从学生各自的学校收集。感知体重与实际BMI呈正相关(rpb= 0.72;P < 0.01)。女性被试的感知体重与阅读(rpb= .345, p < 0.05)和英语/语言艺术(ELA rpb= .323, p < 0.05)呈正相关。结果显示BMI、体重和学业成绩没有关系。随着体重感知的增加，女性参与者的阅读和ELA标准化测试成绩也有所提高。进一步的研究是有必要的，以确定感知体重是否是非裔美国女性的一个保护因素。
{"title":"Impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Weight on Academic Performance in African American Students In an Urban Public School System","authors":"Elgin B. Andrews, Joshua Wludyga, K. Caillouet","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100218","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI, perceived weight and academic performance in African American students (N=78) attending a majority-minority school. Assessments were performed during a summer academic enrichment program. Perceived weight determined from responses to a data collection questionnaire. Height and weight were measured to determine BMI. Standardized test scores and grade point averages were collected from students’ respective schools. Perceived weight and actual BMI were positively correlated (rpb= .72; p < .01). There was a positive relationship between perceived weight and reading (rpb= .345, p < .05) and English/language arts (ELA rpb= .323, p <.05) for female participants. Results indicated no relationship between BMI, perceived weight and academic performance. As perception of weight increased, reading and ELA standardized test scores increased for female participants. Further research is warranted to ascertain whether perceived weight is a protective factor for African-American females.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies have addressed the demands placed on caregivers and how these demands increase stress and impact the caregiver’s quality of life. In order to assess influential factors of quality of life through scholarly research, additional factors can be further explored and narrowed to pinpoint the specifics through which quality of life is affected. Because of individual differences, it would be virtually impossible to identify each and every contingency affecting one’s well-being. However, by scrutinizing factors that are known, the quest to assess the when and for whom is a legitimate and logical next step in this endeavor. Databases used in this search included ProQuest, EbscoHost, Medline, Mental Measurements Yearbooks, and additional websites and books relevant to caregiver stress, perception of parenthood, and quality of life. Keywords used in the search included caregiver stress, parental caregiver stress, quality of life, caregiver quality of life, perception, perception of parenthood, life satisfaction, and parenting. To illustrate what is currently known, the following areas were critically reviewed: stress, caregiver stress, the role of other family members, income and utilization of community resources, perception of parenthood, and quality of life.
{"title":"Typically Developing Children and Their Impact on Parental Caregivers’ Quality of Life: Literature Review","authors":"Roddrick L. Chatmon, Komanduri S. Murty","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100213","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have addressed the demands placed on caregivers and how these demands increase stress and impact the caregiver’s quality of life. In order to assess influential factors of quality of life through scholarly research, additional factors can be further explored and narrowed to pinpoint the specifics through which quality of life is affected. Because of individual differences, it would be virtually impossible to identify each and every contingency affecting one’s well-being. However, by scrutinizing factors that are known, the quest to assess the when and for whom is a legitimate and logical next step in this endeavor. Databases used in this search included ProQuest, EbscoHost, Medline, Mental Measurements Yearbooks, and additional websites and books relevant to caregiver stress, perception of parenthood, and quality of life. Keywords used in the search included caregiver stress, parental caregiver stress, quality of life, caregiver quality of life, perception, perception of parenthood, life satisfaction, and parenting. To illustrate what is currently known, the following areas were critically reviewed: stress, caregiver stress, the role of other family members, income and utilization of community resources, perception of parenthood, and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69689333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Over 10, 000 overdose deaths have been attributed to opioid misuse, with numbers increasing exponentially as the exposure to fentanyl increases. Urban centers and rural communities continue to feel the impact of the opioid crisis in our nation with these increases and community exposure to more lethal forms of synthetic opioids as well. The Rural Opioid Technical Assistance (ROTA) grants have been designed by the Substance (SAMHSA) to build upon the nation’s efforts to stem the tide of fatalities related to opioid misuse and overdosing. Purpose: Under the ROTA grant, administered by Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) Extension and Florida State University (FSU) between 2020-2022, ten age-friendly rural counties were identified to implement programming that assists with opioid use disorder (OUD) and provide high-quality training for the targeted communities [1]. Technical assistance trainings were conducted in these areas with county leaders, clergy, schools, and other child serving agencies. The trainings and workshops were designed to meet the needs of the participating residents and to encourage county leaders to advocate for more services and resources to help reduce the harm of opioid overdose fatalities. This review is designed to provide an overview of the parameters and dynamics of age-friendly rural communities and to summarize the resource, service, and harm reduction information shared in the ROTA trainings. Key words: Opioid use disorder (OUD); Rural Opioid Technical Assistance (ROTA) Grant
{"title":"Opioid Harm Reduction Strategies for Age-Friendly Rural Communities","authors":"J. McMillan, Kenisha Thomas, Desiree’ R. Carter","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over 10, 000 overdose deaths have been attributed to opioid misuse, with numbers increasing exponentially as the exposure to fentanyl increases. Urban centers and rural communities continue to feel the impact of the opioid crisis in our nation with these increases and community exposure to more lethal forms of synthetic opioids as well. The Rural Opioid Technical Assistance (ROTA) grants have been designed by the Substance (SAMHSA) to build upon the nation’s efforts to stem the tide of fatalities related to opioid misuse and overdosing. Purpose: Under the ROTA grant, administered by Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) Extension and Florida State University (FSU) between 2020-2022, ten age-friendly rural counties were identified to implement programming that assists with opioid use disorder (OUD) and provide high-quality training for the targeted communities [1]. Technical assistance trainings were conducted in these areas with county leaders, clergy, schools, and other child serving agencies. The trainings and workshops were designed to meet the needs of the participating residents and to encourage county leaders to advocate for more services and resources to help reduce the harm of opioid overdose fatalities. This review is designed to provide an overview of the parameters and dynamics of age-friendly rural communities and to summarize the resource, service, and harm reduction information shared in the ROTA trainings. Key words: Opioid use disorder (OUD); Rural Opioid Technical Assistance (ROTA) Grant","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69689345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin G. Rosario, McKenzie Kidwell, Nicole K. Nelson
Cardiovascular system (CVS) problems are one of the various complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). In PLHIV, the CVS' capacity to adapt to activities is inadequate. Purpose: To distinguish the responses of the CVS to a step test in physically active PLHIV. Results: Significant differences between resting HR and HR after the step test were identified, while there was no significant difference between recovery HR and HR at 76% capacity. Additionally, all cardiovascular measurements were significantly higher than the recovery heart rate. Conclusion: It appears that physically active participants are experiencing some degree of autonomic dysfunction. However, physical activity seems to help slow down common CV effects.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Responses in Physically Elderly Active People Living with HIV","authors":"Martin G. Rosario, McKenzie Kidwell, Nicole K. Nelson","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100219","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular system (CVS) problems are one of the various complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). In PLHIV, the CVS' capacity to adapt to activities is inadequate. Purpose: To distinguish the responses of the CVS to a step test in physically active PLHIV. Results: Significant differences between resting HR and HR after the step test were identified, while there was no significant difference between recovery HR and HR at 76% capacity. Additionally, all cardiovascular measurements were significantly higher than the recovery heart rate. Conclusion: It appears that physically active participants are experiencing some degree of autonomic dysfunction. However, physical activity seems to help slow down common CV effects.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin G. Rosario, Kennedy Kessler, Taryn A. Myers, L. Jamison
Those living with HIV experience a number of complications that negatively affect gait. Gait speed is an important predictor of overall health, and people living with the virus experience an accelerated decline as the disease progresses. Purpose: To identify components associated with gait speed decreased. Methods: Thirty individuals diagnosed with HIV, a stable immune system (cd4=878.5) and aged 60.31±7.8 years (19 males, and 11 females) were recruited for this study from a clinical fitness specialized in HIV. Participants completed the HIV dementia scale, vestibular fukuda test, 5 challenging single leg balance tests, 5 time sit to stand, and a 7-meter walk. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis revealed the association of all components to the prediction of gait speed (R2 = [.963], F(df regression =15, df residual=6) = [F-10.5], p = [p-0.004]) except for the lower limb strength. Conclusion: Exercise interventions that include vestibular stimulation, such as head rotations, single limb activities, and dynamics turning tasks, should be added to a 3 point (cardio, strengthening and stretching) exercise program. Physical therapists and exercise physiologists should assess and treat all those aforementioned components.
那些携带艾滋病毒的人会经历一些对步态产生负面影响的并发症。步态速度是整体健康状况的重要预测指标，随着疾病的发展，病毒感染者的衰退速度会加快。目的:确定与步态速度下降相关的成分。方法:从一家HIV专业临床健身中心招募30名诊断为HIV，免疫系统稳定(cd4=878.5)，年龄60.31±7.8岁的患者(男19名，女11名)。参与者完成了HIV痴呆量表、前庭福田测试、5项具有挑战性的单腿平衡测试、5次坐立测试和7米步行测试。结果:多元线性回归分析显示各成分与步态速度预测的相关性(R2 =[。963]， F(df regression =15, df残差=6)= [F-10.5]， p = [p-0.004])，但下肢强度除外。结论:包括前庭刺激的运动干预，如头部旋转、单肢活动和动态转向任务，应添加到3点(有氧、强化和拉伸)运动计划中。物理治疗师和运动生理学家应该评估和治疗上述所有因素。
{"title":"Single Leg Balance, Vestibular Input, Turns During Gait and Cognitive Components as Predictors of Gait Speed Alteration in Hispanic Latinx Participants Living with HIV","authors":"Martin G. Rosario, Kennedy Kessler, Taryn A. Myers, L. Jamison","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100200","url":null,"abstract":"Those living with HIV experience a number of complications that negatively affect gait. Gait speed is an important predictor of overall health, and people living with the virus experience an accelerated decline as the disease progresses. Purpose: To identify components associated with gait speed decreased. Methods: Thirty individuals diagnosed with HIV, a stable immune system (cd4=878.5) and aged 60.31±7.8 years (19 males, and 11 females) were recruited for this study from a clinical fitness specialized in HIV. Participants completed the HIV dementia scale, vestibular fukuda test, 5 challenging single leg balance tests, 5 time sit to stand, and a 7-meter walk. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis revealed the association of all components to the prediction of gait speed (R2 = [.963], F(df regression =15, df residual=6) = [F-10.5], p = [p-0.004]) except for the lower limb strength. Conclusion: Exercise interventions that include vestibular stimulation, such as head rotations, single limb activities, and dynamics turning tasks, should be added to a 3 point (cardio, strengthening and stretching) exercise program. Physical therapists and exercise physiologists should assess and treat all those aforementioned components.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the opioid epidemic, which has been increasing over the past decade. The increase in opioid-involved deaths have coincided with fentanyl use, and a combination of drugs. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic opioid-involved deaths have increased greater than 30% in the U.S. The COVID-19 mandates, including stay-at-home orders, has had a detrimental impact on opioid and drug abuse, and association mortality.This paper describes a statewide study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and opioid and drug-involved deaths. Data was acquired from the Louisiana Department of Health for 2018, 2019, and 2020. The percent increase statewide in opioid-involved deaths was 115.9% from 2018 through 2020. When the data is stratified by race, non-Hispanic Blacks had a 163.6% increase in opioid-involved deaths, which was 15% higher than in non-Hispanic Whites. The increase in opioid-involved deaths was similar in males and females. Statewide drug-involved deaths increased 59%, with a 107.5% increase in non-Hispanic Blacks compared to 44.4% in non-Hispanic Whites. Again, the increase in males and females was the same. The trends seen statewide was seen among the study parishes, with a few exceptions.The study has observed the magnitude of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the opioid epidemic in Louisiana. These results were seen across the U.S. It is important to not lose sight or emphasis of the opioid epidemic, which has been increasing over the last decade.
{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Opioid Epidemic: A Statewide Analysis","authors":"P. Fos, Peggy A. Honoré, Katrina P. Kellum","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100205","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the opioid epidemic, which has been increasing over the past decade. The increase in opioid-involved deaths have coincided with fentanyl use, and a combination of drugs. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic opioid-involved deaths have increased greater than 30% in the U.S. The COVID-19 mandates, including stay-at-home orders, has had a detrimental impact on opioid and drug abuse, and association mortality.This paper describes a statewide study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and opioid and drug-involved deaths. Data was acquired from the Louisiana Department of Health for 2018, 2019, and 2020. The percent increase statewide in opioid-involved deaths was 115.9% from 2018 through 2020. When the data is stratified by race, non-Hispanic Blacks had a 163.6% increase in opioid-involved deaths, which was 15% higher than in non-Hispanic Whites. The increase in opioid-involved deaths was similar in males and females. Statewide drug-involved deaths increased 59%, with a 107.5% increase in non-Hispanic Blacks compared to 44.4% in non-Hispanic Whites. Again, the increase in males and females was the same. The trends seen statewide was seen among the study parishes, with a few exceptions.The study has observed the magnitude of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the opioid epidemic in Louisiana. These results were seen across the U.S. It is important to not lose sight or emphasis of the opioid epidemic, which has been increasing over the last decade.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhally M. Menda, J. Zulu, Mukumbuta Nawa, Rosemary K. Zimba, Catherine M. Mulikita, Jim Mwandia, P. Banda, Karen Sichinga
Background: Many countries face several sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with HIV/ AIDS being one of them, and young people have been greatly affected by HIV [1,2]. It has been suggested that participation in “life skills” education can help reduce HIV related risk behaviours [3]. There have been increased calls for including life skills as a key component of HIV and AIDS education for children and young people [2]. There is a need to ensure that young people develop the life skills relevant to reducing their vulnerability to HIV infection [4,5]. Literature tends to present life skills as a possible solution to several social, gender and general behavioural problems; for example, it is stated that life skills can help trigger political, social and economic participation and help reduce gender inequalities [2]. In addition, life skills are also believed to positively impact deviant social behaviour, crime, and reduction of substance use [6,7].Specifically for HIV, the literature suggests that life skills may positively contribute towards reducing contracting of HIV by, for example, enhancing negotiation and communication skills which may help the young people negotiate for safer sex by making them openly talk about risky sexual behaviours and how they can be prevented [8,9]. Life skills in HIV programming include reproductive and sexual health such as HIV and AIDS, condoms, communication skills, and information on addressing gender-based violence [4,2]. Positive outcomes from these studies included increased communication skills, improved risk perception, reduced stigmatisation of people living with HIV, decreased gender-based violence and improved positive living attitude [2].
{"title":"Improving Life Skills through In School and Out of School Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation in Four Provinces of Zambia","authors":"Dhally M. Menda, J. Zulu, Mukumbuta Nawa, Rosemary K. Zimba, Catherine M. Mulikita, Jim Mwandia, P. Banda, Karen Sichinga","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many countries face several sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with HIV/ AIDS being one of them, and young people have been greatly affected by HIV [1,2]. It has been suggested that participation in “life skills” education can help reduce HIV related risk behaviours [3]. There have been increased calls for including life skills as a key component of HIV and AIDS education for children and young people [2]. There is a need to ensure that young people develop the life skills relevant to reducing their vulnerability to HIV infection [4,5]. Literature tends to present life skills as a possible solution to several social, gender and general behavioural problems; for example, it is stated that life skills can help trigger political, social and economic participation and help reduce gender inequalities [2]. In addition, life skills are also believed to positively impact deviant social behaviour, crime, and reduction of substance use [6,7].Specifically for HIV, the literature suggests that life skills may positively contribute towards reducing contracting of HIV by, for example, enhancing negotiation and communication skills which may help the young people negotiate for safer sex by making them openly talk about risky sexual behaviours and how they can be prevented [8,9]. Life skills in HIV programming include reproductive and sexual health such as HIV and AIDS, condoms, communication skills, and information on addressing gender-based violence [4,2]. Positive outcomes from these studies included increased communication skills, improved risk perception, reduced stigmatisation of people living with HIV, decreased gender-based violence and improved positive living attitude [2].","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: People with low socioeconomic status are always found to be one of the significant factors to determine their health status. The Malaysian government has initiated multiple programs to address the issues related to the health quality improvement of the population in line with the United Nations (UN) target for Universal Health Coverage (UHC). One of them is the “Health Care Scheme (Skim Peduli Kesihatan)” or PeKa B40 which was recently launched in 2019 to improve the target community's health status by offering several benefits obtained by the program including free health screening at private or public facilities concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The cost-utility analysis study for the FELDA residents in Malaysia with “PeKA B40” coverage is needed to increase the understanding of the program's benefits and weaknesses during its implementation. It will help in identifying specific factors related to the utilization of the PeKa B40 program and will fill the gap in the economic evaluation of the government initiative. The policymaker may take into consideration of the discussion and recommendation to improve awareness among healthcare providers, especially at the primary care level. Concerning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study can give an impact on achieving good health and well-being (SDG 3.0). Conclusion: In the 12th Malaysia Plan, the Malaysian government showed commitment to combat NCDs in line with the international target by targeting to reduce the NCDs prevalence by focusing on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, a health reform commission needs to be established to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of healthcare access to all residents mostly among B40 group in Malaysia.
{"title":"A review on the Cost-Utility Analysis for the FELDA Residents in Malaysia with “Health Care Scheme (Skim Peduli Kesihatan) for the B40 Group” (PeKa B40) Coverage","authors":"Abdul-Hadi Mohd-Zuki, M. Isa, L. Suddin","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100202","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: People with low socioeconomic status are always found to be one of the significant factors to determine their health status. The Malaysian government has initiated multiple programs to address the issues related to the health quality improvement of the population in line with the United Nations (UN) target for Universal Health Coverage (UHC). One of them is the “Health Care Scheme (Skim Peduli Kesihatan)” or PeKa B40 which was recently launched in 2019 to improve the target community's health status by offering several benefits obtained by the program including free health screening at private or public facilities concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The cost-utility analysis study for the FELDA residents in Malaysia with “PeKA B40” coverage is needed to increase the understanding of the program's benefits and weaknesses during its implementation. It will help in identifying specific factors related to the utilization of the PeKa B40 program and will fill the gap in the economic evaluation of the government initiative. The policymaker may take into consideration of the discussion and recommendation to improve awareness among healthcare providers, especially at the primary care level. Concerning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study can give an impact on achieving good health and well-being (SDG 3.0). Conclusion: In the 12th Malaysia Plan, the Malaysian government showed commitment to combat NCDs in line with the international target by targeting to reduce the NCDs prevalence by focusing on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, a health reform commission needs to be established to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of healthcare access to all residents mostly among B40 group in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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