Dietary Patterns, Foods, Nutrients and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders

R. Casas, R. Estruch
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that diet plays an important role in the prevention of several non-infectious diseases. Unhealthy diets that include high intake of red and processed meat, sweets and desserts, potatoes, French fries, and refined grains) is associated with high plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer and other chronic diseases. On the other hand, prudent dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet as well as intake of fruit, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil, walnuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, cocoa, coffee, tea and wine is associated with a reduced plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a lower risk of CVD, T2D and other chronic diseases. In respect to nutrients, excessive intake of carbohydrates, saturated fat, trans- fatty acids, and omega- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may activate the innate immune system, leading to an excessive production of pro inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, omega-3 PUFA, vitamin E and polyphenols could counter the effects of several inflammatory markers, decreasing, for example, the secretion of circulating and cellular factors involved in the atherosclerotic process. This review explains how healthy dietary patterns, foods and nutrients can reduce chronic inflammatory processes related to CVD, T2D, obesity or cancer and therefore be a good tool to prevent the development of these disorders.
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饮食模式、食物、营养素和慢性炎症性疾病
世界卫生组织(世卫组织)认识到,饮食在预防几种非传染性疾病方面发挥着重要作用。不健康的饮食(包括大量摄入红肉和加工肉、糖果和甜点、土豆、炸薯条和精制谷物)与高血浆炎症生物标志物和更大的心血管疾病(CVD)、2型糖尿病(T2D)、癌症和其他慢性疾病的风险相关。另一方面,谨慎的饮食模式,如地中海饮食,以及摄入水果、蔬菜、特级初榨橄榄油、核桃、豆类、全谷物、鱼、可可、咖啡、茶和葡萄酒,与降低血浆炎症生物标志物和降低心血管疾病、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病的风险有关。在营养方面,过量摄入碳水化合物、饱和脂肪、反式脂肪酸和omega- 6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)可能会激活先天免疫系统,导致促炎细胞因子的过度产生,同时抗炎细胞因子的合成减少。另一方面,omega-3 PUFA、维生素E和多酚可以对抗几种炎症标志物的影响,例如,减少参与动脉粥样硬化过程的循环和细胞因子的分泌。这篇综述解释了健康的饮食模式、食物和营养素如何减少与CVD、T2D、肥胖或癌症相关的慢性炎症过程,因此是预防这些疾病发展的好工具。
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