Notes on the Occurrence of Tintinnid Ciliates, and the Nasselarian Radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa of the Marine Microzooplankton, in the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) Sampled each August from 2011 to 2020

Abstract

Here we summarize the results from 10 cruises in the Chukchi Sea, in August, each year from 2011 to 2020. Samples for the qualitative analysis of the microzooplankton were obtained from stations located across the Chukchi Sea using a 20μm plankton net. Conditions encountered, in terms of sea ice coverage and chlorophyll concentrations, varied widely from year to year without any obvious relationship with the composition of the microzooplankton assemblage. Examining a total of 242 samples gathered, we found a total of 44 tintinnid species (morphologically distinct forms). Plotting cumulative number of tintinnid species encountered vs cumulative number of samplings gave a typical species accumulation curve showing no sign of saturation suggesting that continued sampling in the Chukchi Sea will likely yield increases in the tintinnid species catalogue. The tintinnid species found ranged widely in lorica opening diameters (LOD) from about 11 μm to 80 μm in diameter. However, the median size of the LOD of the tintinnid assemblages varied little from year to year ranging only from about 30 μm to 40 μm. Most of the forms encountered were found in samples from only 1 or 2 cruises. Very few forms were found every year throughout the 10 years of sampling. These were 5 species of tintinnids (Acanthostomella norvegica, Leprotintinnus pellucidus, Pytchocylis obtusa, Salpingella acuminata, Salpingella faurei) and the nasselarian radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa. Examples of the morphological variability observed among individuals of Acanthostomella norvegica and Pytchocylis obtusa within single samples are shown with some individuals easily confused with forms described as other species are shown. To our knowledge, our data are the most extensive data set on Chukchi Sea microplankton. We provide all of the data recorded, which may serve as a baseline from which to assess changes projected in Arctic Sea systems, in a supplementary data file.