Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.23.002.17903
Rasha H. Solimam, A. Martín-Ramírez, J. Rubio, E. Khalifa, Bushra E. Hussein, Maha M. Wahab, M. Lanza, Yousry A. Hawash
Malaria diagnosis continues to be one of the most important steps in the cycle of control specially in endemic countries with low parasitic load infections. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ultrasensitive PCR (Us-PCR) are two promising candidates for malaria diagnosis. A cross sectional study performed at King Faisal Hospital, Taif KSA involved patients suffering from signs and symptoms suggesting of malaria, 35 blood samples diagnosed by Nested Multiplex PCR as a reference method (13 P. falciparum, 17 P. vivax, 3 mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax) plus two negative controls were selected to be included in this study to analyse the performance of two LAMP methods (LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart®) and two ultrasensitive PCRs (Us-PCR TARE-2 and Us-PCR Var-ATS). LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart® performances were identical and better than the performance of Us PCR TARE 2 and Us-PCR var-ATS for P. falciparum, achieving 93.75% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 97.17% accuracy versus 87.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 94.29% accuracy for the Us PCR TARE 2 and 81.25% sensitivity, 94.74% specificity and 88.57% accuracy for the Us PCR var-ATS respectively. In P. vivax diagnosis LAMP OptiGene® performed excellently with 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy while LAMP WarmStart® and Us-PCR Cox1 achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity 93.33% and 97.14% accuracy. The study results highlighted the benefits of using LAMP techniques for field diagnosis of malaria in different settings where the need for a more sensitive and reliable molecular tool is mandatory but at the same time removing the high cost, long turnaround time and the need of highly specialized trained technicians to perform more sophisticated molecular techniques.
{"title":"Diagnostic performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and Ultra-sensitive PCR in diagnosis of malaria in western Saudi Arabia","authors":"Rasha H. Solimam, A. Martín-Ramírez, J. Rubio, E. Khalifa, Bushra E. Hussein, Maha M. Wahab, M. Lanza, Yousry A. Hawash","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.23.002.17903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.23.002.17903","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria diagnosis continues to be one of the most important steps in the cycle of control specially in endemic countries with low parasitic load infections. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ultrasensitive PCR (Us-PCR) are two promising candidates for malaria diagnosis. A cross sectional study performed at King Faisal Hospital, Taif KSA involved patients suffering from signs and symptoms suggesting of malaria, 35 blood samples diagnosed by Nested Multiplex PCR as a reference method (13 P. falciparum, 17 P. vivax, 3 mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax) plus two negative controls were selected to be included in this study to analyse the performance of two LAMP methods (LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart®) and two ultrasensitive PCRs (Us-PCR TARE-2 and Us-PCR Var-ATS). LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart® performances were identical and better than the performance of Us PCR TARE 2 and Us-PCR var-ATS for P. falciparum, achieving 93.75% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 97.17% accuracy versus 87.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 94.29% accuracy for the Us PCR TARE 2 and 81.25% sensitivity, 94.74% specificity and 88.57% accuracy for the Us PCR var-ATS respectively. In P. vivax diagnosis LAMP OptiGene® performed excellently with 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy while LAMP WarmStart® and Us-PCR Cox1 achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity 93.33% and 97.14% accuracy. The study results highlighted the benefits of using LAMP techniques for field diagnosis of malaria in different settings where the need for a more sensitive and reliable molecular tool is mandatory but at the same time removing the high cost, long turnaround time and the need of highly specialized trained technicians to perform more sophisticated molecular techniques.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43170044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.23.001.17690
J. Dolan, E. Yang, Jong-Kuk Moon
In the early 20th century, Alphonse Meunier described "Papulifères" as a group of enigmatic forms of unknown taxonomic affinity characterized by possessing a hyaline pimple, a "papula". In the early 1980's Papulifères were equated with cysts of tintinnid ciliates. The most conspicuous forms, the large Fusopsis, have been widely found, and are now known to resemble the cyst of a certain species of oligotrich ciliate (i.e., Cyrtostrombidium boreale). Thus today, Papulifère forms are often assumed to be cysts of oligotrich ciliates. Here we report on 26 Papulifère forms, of more or less distinct morphologies, found in the plankton of the Chukchi Sea. We found forms resembling some of those described by Meunier, and recorded here for the first time since Meunier's reports, and others that do not resemble any of Meunier's Papulifères. Here, we first review the literature on Papulifères, then we present the surprising variety of forms we found in Chukchi Sea, and for some, we provide for the first time data on morphological variability. With this report we have expanded the catalogue of observed Papulifère forms and documented variability in the dimensions of some morphotypes. However, we urge caution in assigning a ciliate species name to any given Papulifère form in the absence of corroborating data. There is a need for observational and/or sequence-based data to elucidate the identity of Papulifère forms.
{"title":"On Papulifères, putative ciliate cysts of diverse morphologies, with new observations from the plankton of the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean)","authors":"J. Dolan, E. Yang, Jong-Kuk Moon","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.23.001.17690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.23.001.17690","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 20th century, Alphonse Meunier described \"Papulifères\" as a group of enigmatic forms of unknown taxonomic affinity characterized by possessing a hyaline pimple, a \"papula\". In the early 1980's Papulifères were equated with cysts of tintinnid ciliates. The most conspicuous forms, the large Fusopsis, have been widely found, and are now known to resemble the cyst of a certain species of oligotrich ciliate (i.e., Cyrtostrombidium boreale). Thus today, Papulifère forms are often assumed to be cysts of oligotrich ciliates. Here we report on 26 Papulifère forms, of more or less distinct morphologies, found in the plankton of the Chukchi Sea. We found forms resembling some of those described by Meunier, and recorded here for the first time since Meunier's reports, and others that do not resemble any of Meunier's Papulifères. Here, we first review the literature on Papulifères, then we present the surprising variety of forms we found in Chukchi Sea, and for some, we provide for the first time data on morphological variability. With this report we have expanded the catalogue of observed Papulifère forms and documented variability in the dimensions of some morphotypes. However, we urge caution in assigning a ciliate species name to any given Papulifère form in the absence of corroborating data. There is a need for observational and/or sequence-based data to elucidate the identity of Papulifère forms.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.005.15379
Abida Akbar, Abdul Hameed, A. Alouffi, Mashal M. Almutairi, T. Tanveer, A. Matin
Naegleria belongs to the free-living amoeba family and is well-known as a human pathogen. It is recognized as etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis involving central nervous system which always leads to death. To date, there is not a single report demonstrating Naegleria isolation and identification from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan, and thus the aim of this study. Naegleria was isolated on non-nutrient agar plates seeded with heat killed E. coli and confirmed by morphological properties of the both stages of cyst or trophozoites. Furthermore, PCR was conducted along with direct sequencing of the PCR product for molecular identification. PCR and sequencing data verified the amplification of Naegleria sp. (07) and Vahlkampfia sp. (01) from both water and soil samples. Interestingly two species were successfully isolated and cultured on both 30 and 45°C. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the Naegleria isolation and molecular characterization from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The author is anxious for further evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the identified species and explores drinking water across Pakistan to investigate its quality and frequency of FLA, which might be a possible human hazard in future.
{"title":"First report of successful Naegleria detection from environmental resources of some selected areas of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","authors":"Abida Akbar, Abdul Hameed, A. Alouffi, Mashal M. Almutairi, T. Tanveer, A. Matin","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.21.005.15379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.005.15379","url":null,"abstract":"Naegleria belongs to the free-living amoeba family and is well-known as a human pathogen. It is recognized as etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis involving central nervous system which always leads to death. To date, there is not a single report demonstrating Naegleria isolation and identification from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan, and thus the aim of this study. Naegleria was isolated on non-nutrient agar plates seeded with heat killed E. coli and confirmed by morphological properties of the both stages of cyst or trophozoites. Furthermore, PCR was conducted along with direct sequencing of the PCR product for molecular identification. PCR and sequencing data verified the amplification of Naegleria sp. (07) and Vahlkampfia sp. (01) from both water and soil samples. Interestingly two species were successfully isolated and cultured on both 30 and 45°C. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the Naegleria isolation and molecular characterization from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The author is anxious for further evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the identified species and explores drinking water across Pakistan to investigate its quality and frequency of FLA, which might be a possible human hazard in future.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46930120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.005.16236
Ľ. Rajter, Borong Lu, Erika Rassoshanska, M. Dunthorn
Ciliates have a long history of being central in evolutionary and ecological studies on eukaryotic microorganisms. Although thousands of species have been discovered, their total diversity still remains unknown. Here, we will discuss two unsolved problems that hinder the further exploration of ciliate diversity at the species level, and potential solutions to these problems are proposed. First, ciliate morphospecies are difficult to identify because the different silver stains are not scalable (they do not represent high-throughput methods) and basic supplies are lacking (e.g., protargol); a solution may be the development of fluorescent staining techniques. Second, ciliate phylogenetic species are difficult to identify because of extensive paralogy in nuclear-protein-coding genes; a solution may be to concentrate on sequencing mitochondrial genomes. These two approaches could be integrated into a high-throughput fluorescent-single-cell sorting and mitochondrial genomes sequencing process that would enable the observation and better understanding of ciliate species on a massive scale.
{"title":"Future prospects for investigating ciliate biodiversity","authors":"Ľ. Rajter, Borong Lu, Erika Rassoshanska, M. Dunthorn","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.22.005.16236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.22.005.16236","url":null,"abstract":"Ciliates have a long history of being central in evolutionary and ecological studies on eukaryotic microorganisms. Although thousands of species have been discovered, their total diversity still remains unknown. Here, we will discuss two unsolved problems that hinder the further exploration of ciliate diversity at the species level, and potential solutions to these problems are proposed. First, ciliate morphospecies are difficult to identify because the different silver stains are not scalable (they do not represent high-throughput methods) and basic supplies are lacking (e.g., protargol); a solution may be the development of fluorescent staining techniques. Second, ciliate phylogenetic species are difficult to identify because of extensive paralogy in nuclear-protein-coding genes; a solution may be to concentrate on sequencing mitochondrial genomes. These two approaches could be integrated into a high-throughput fluorescent-single-cell sorting and mitochondrial genomes sequencing process that would enable the observation and better understanding of ciliate species on a massive scale.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.001.15671
Yasmin de Góes Cohn Freitas, Beatriz Rodrigues D’Oliveira Ramos, Yemna Gomes da Silva, Gabriela Silva Sampaio, Letícia da Silva Nascimento, C. Branco, V. Miranda
Testate amoebae (TA) are unicellular protozoans enclosed in a test capable of indicating a wide variety of environmental conditions. Among others, characteristics such as short life cycle, great sensitivity and worldwide distribution makes them adequate bioindicators. As a complement to physical and chemical measurements, biomonitoring can be a cheaper and fastest way of environmental monitoring. This research sought to evaluate the extent of TA use in biomonitoring and the responses given by them to environmental features. The research was conducted in Scielo, Science Direct, Online Library, Google Scholar and Capes Journal Portal and yielded 211 papers. TA bioindication is able to provide information on metal, trace element and atmospheric pollution, and to point out different trophic states, pH, and evidence on characteristics of hydrology. Further, TA can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstruction as they reflect climate, volcanic and even sea level change phenomena. Sometimes, together with other organisms in environmental analysis, they have shown to be an important complement to biomonitoring. Additionally, a functional traits approach has been recently included as a promising tool. Methodological adjustments that have been conducted throughout the years are allowing TA use to be more reliable and precise. This review provides insight on the many possible functions of TA in bioindication studies, highlighting their wide use as bioindicators.
{"title":"Testate amoebae: a review on their multiple uses as bioindicators","authors":"Yasmin de Góes Cohn Freitas, Beatriz Rodrigues D’Oliveira Ramos, Yemna Gomes da Silva, Gabriela Silva Sampaio, Letícia da Silva Nascimento, C. Branco, V. Miranda","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.22.001.15671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.22.001.15671","url":null,"abstract":"Testate amoebae (TA) are unicellular protozoans enclosed in a test capable of indicating a wide variety of environmental conditions. Among others, characteristics such as short life cycle, great sensitivity and worldwide distribution makes them adequate bioindicators. As a complement to physical and chemical measurements, biomonitoring can be a cheaper and fastest way of environmental monitoring. This research sought to evaluate the extent of TA use in biomonitoring and the responses given by them to environmental features. The research was conducted in Scielo, Science Direct, Online Library, Google Scholar and Capes Journal Portal and yielded 211 papers. TA bioindication is able to provide information on metal, trace element and atmospheric pollution, and to point out different trophic states, pH, and evidence on characteristics of hydrology. Further, TA can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstruction as they reflect climate, volcanic and even sea level change phenomena. Sometimes, together with other organisms in environmental analysis, they have shown to be an important complement to biomonitoring. Additionally, a functional traits approach has been recently included as a promising tool. Methodological adjustments that have been conducted throughout the years are allowing TA use to be more reliable and precise. This review provides insight on the many possible functions of TA in bioindication studies, highlighting their wide use as bioindicators.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.002.16205
E. S. El-Wakil, Eman Ali Mohamed, E. El-wakil, T. Aboushousha, Neimat M Amer
Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite, is an important cause of diarrheal disease,especially in immunodeficient hosts. Nevertheless, there is no entirely successful therapeutic agent against cryptosporidiosis to date. Hence, this study aims to test the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice versus the nowadays used drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ).Parasitological and molecular methods were used to characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts before infection. Fifty bred femaleSwissAlbino mice were divided into 5 groups; group I (GI)(GTP):immunosuppressed and prophylactically treated with green tea extractfor 5 days prior to infection,group II (GII)(GTT):immunosuppressed, infected with Cryptosporidium parvum and treated with green tea extract, group III (GIII)(NT): immunosuppressed, infected and treated with NTZ, group IV (GIV)(PC): immunosuppressed and infected (Positive control), group V (GV)(NC): immunosuppressed and non-infected (Negative control).Furthermore, parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool, and histopathological examination for the small intestine and liver specimens were performed for the study groups.Cryptosporidium oocysts used for induction of infection proved to beCryptosporidium parvumgenotype 2. Moreover, a significant oocyst reduction in fecal samples correlated with an improvement of histopathological changesin the small intestinal and liver tissues in GI(GTP), GII(GTT)and GIII(NT) groups. Besides, the GII(GTT)group showed the best improvement inparasitological andhistopathological parametersamong the test groups.This study revealed that Camellia sinensis(green tea extract) has potential activity against cryptosporidiosis and could serve as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic anti-cryptosporidial agent.
{"title":"Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice","authors":"E. S. El-Wakil, Eman Ali Mohamed, E. El-wakil, T. Aboushousha, Neimat M Amer","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.22.002.16205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.22.002.16205","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite, is an important cause of diarrheal disease,especially in immunodeficient hosts. Nevertheless, there is no entirely successful therapeutic agent against cryptosporidiosis to date. Hence, this study aims to test the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice versus the nowadays used drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ).Parasitological and molecular methods were used to characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts before infection. Fifty bred femaleSwissAlbino mice were divided into 5 groups; group I (GI)(GTP):immunosuppressed and prophylactically treated with green tea extractfor 5 days prior to infection,group II (GII)(GTT):immunosuppressed, infected with Cryptosporidium parvum and treated with green tea extract, group III (GIII)(NT): immunosuppressed, infected and treated with NTZ, group IV (GIV)(PC): immunosuppressed and infected (Positive control), group V (GV)(NC): immunosuppressed and non-infected (Negative control).Furthermore, parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool, and histopathological examination for the small intestine and liver specimens were performed for the study groups.Cryptosporidium oocysts used for induction of infection proved to beCryptosporidium parvumgenotype 2. Moreover, a significant oocyst reduction in fecal samples correlated with an improvement of histopathological changesin the small intestinal and liver tissues in GI(GTP), GII(GTT)and GIII(NT) groups. Besides, the GII(GTT)group showed the best improvement inparasitological andhistopathological parametersamong the test groups.This study revealed that Camellia sinensis(green tea extract) has potential activity against cryptosporidiosis and could serve as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic anti-cryptosporidial agent.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.007.16990
O. Anderson
Marshes bordering rivers and estuaries are productive ecosystems that interact dynamically with the adjacent water mass. This is a multi-year study (2019-2022) of seasonal changes in the density of naked amoebae in monthly samples from the surface water of the Hudson estuary near Piermont, N. Y. with relationships to key environmental variables (surface water temperature, salinity, Secchi depth representing turbidity, and enterococcus bacterial counts). During the colder months (November to March), when decayed leaves and litter from the deciduous marsh grass produced organic matter in the sediment surface, the mean abundance of active amoebae ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was higher (3.07 ± 0.99 x 104/ L, N = 7). In warmer months (May to September) the abundance of amoebae was lower (1.35 ± 0.29 x 104 / L, N = 10). A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed relating amoeba abundance to four major water mass variables, resulting in the following statistically significant equation (p = 0.03): AD = 0.121*T + 0.301*L – 0.047*S + 0.359 * C, where: AD = active amoebae density (x 104/L), T = temperature (oC), L = tide level (m), S = Secchi disc depth (cm) and C = bacterial enterococcus concentration (number/ml). In general, given the increasing evidence of the potential importance of amoeboid protists in aquatic ecosystems, further research is warranted on their role in food webs and the carbon biogeochemical cycle within heterotrophic estuarine and coastal waters.
与河流和河口接壤的沼泽是与邻近水体动态相互作用的生产性生态系统。这是一项多年研究(2019-2022)，研究了纽约州Piermont附近哈德逊河口地表水每月样本中裸变形虫密度的季节性变化，以及与关键环境变量(地表水温度、盐度、代表浊度的Secchi深度和肠球菌细菌数量)的关系。在较冷的月份(11 ~ 3月)，当落叶沼泽草的腐叶和凋落物在沉积物表面产生有机物时，活动变形虫的平均丰度(标准差)较高(3.07±0.99 x 104/ L, N = 7)，而在较暖的月份(5 ~ 9月)，活动变形虫的平均丰度较低(1.35±0.29 x 104/ L, N = 10)。对阿米巴原虫丰度与4个主要水体质量变量进行多元线性回归分析，得到AD = 0.121*T + 0.301*L - 0.047*S + 0.359 * C，具有统计学意义(p = 0.03)，其中:AD =活性阿米巴原虫密度(x 104/L)， T =温度(oC)， L =潮位(m)， S = Secchi盘深度(cm)， C =肠球菌浓度(数量/ml)。总的来说，鉴于越来越多的证据表明变形虫原生生物在水生生态系统中的潜在重要性，有必要进一步研究它们在异养河口和沿海水域的食物网和碳生物地球化学循环中的作用。
{"title":"A Multi-year Seasonal Study of Amoeboid Protists in Surface Water at the Margin of a Hudson River Estuary Salt Marsh","authors":"O. Anderson","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.22.007.16990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.22.007.16990","url":null,"abstract":"Marshes bordering rivers and estuaries are productive ecosystems that interact dynamically with the adjacent water mass. This is a multi-year study (2019-2022) of seasonal changes in the density of naked amoebae in monthly samples from the surface water of the Hudson estuary near Piermont, N. Y. with relationships to key environmental variables (surface water temperature, salinity, Secchi depth representing turbidity, and enterococcus bacterial counts). During the colder months (November to March), when decayed leaves and litter from the deciduous marsh grass produced organic matter in the sediment surface, the mean abundance of active amoebae ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was higher (3.07 ± 0.99 x 104/ L, N = 7). In warmer months (May to September) the abundance of amoebae was lower (1.35 ± 0.29 x 104 / L, N = 10). A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed relating amoeba abundance to four major water mass variables, resulting in the following statistically significant equation (p = 0.03): AD = 0.121*T + 0.301*L – 0.047*S + 0.359 * C, where: AD = active amoebae density (x 104/L), T = temperature (oC), L = tide level (m), S = Secchi disc depth (cm) and C = bacterial enterococcus concentration (number/ml). In general, given the increasing evidence of the potential importance of amoeboid protists in aquatic ecosystems, further research is warranted on their role in food webs and the carbon biogeochemical cycle within heterotrophic estuarine and coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.003.16206
ABSTRACT The application of molecular phylogenetics to research on protists has substantially transformed our understanding of their evolution and systematics. More recently, advances in molecular technology, including high throughput sequencing, has opened new avenues for genomic analyses that elucidate major aspects of protistan biology across all levels of biological organization from cellular to ecosystems. This is a review of recent advances (particularly in the last two decades) of transcriptomic research on heterotrophic and autotrophic protists within three major topics: (i) Physiology and metabolism, (ii) Development and life cycles, and (iii) Environmental and ecological studies. Emphasis is placed on selection of representative research that highlights findings across diverse taxonomic groups within each of the three topics. Examples are drawn from parasitic as well as free-living taxa to provide a broad overview of some of the research strategies, and major findings, that have emerged from application of transcriptomics and related techniques in advancing our understanding of protistan biology.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.008.17111
E. Aydin, W. Lee
This study was carried out in two hypersaline lakes (Acı and Meke Lakes) in Turkey to understand the diversity and geographic distribution of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. Heterotrophic flagellates of hypersaline environments have not previously been studied in Turkey. We found seventeen morphospecies of heterotrophic flagellates with one unidentified protist. The observed species belong to Craspedida, Heterolobosea, Apusomonadida, Neobodonida, Bicosoecida and Protista incertae sedis. Of the 17 species, ten species were new records for Turkey. All of the morphospecies described here except one unidentified protist were previously reported elsewhere and appear to be cosmopolitan.
{"title":"Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates (Protista) from Two Hypersaline Lakes in Turkey","authors":"E. Aydin, W. Lee","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.22.008.17111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.22.008.17111","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in two hypersaline lakes (Acı and Meke Lakes) in Turkey to understand the diversity and geographic distribution of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. Heterotrophic flagellates of hypersaline environments have not previously been studied in Turkey. We found seventeen morphospecies of heterotrophic flagellates with one unidentified protist. The observed species belong to Craspedida, Heterolobosea, Apusomonadida, Neobodonida, Bicosoecida and Protista incertae sedis. Of the 17 species, ten species were new records for Turkey. All of the morphospecies described here except one unidentified protist were previously reported elsewhere and appear to be cosmopolitan.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264
Yoichiro Sogame, K. Kojima, T. Takeshita, Shiho Kikuchi, Yuto Shimada, Rikiya Nakamura, M. Arikawa, S. Miyata, E. Kinoshita, F. Suizu, T. Matsuoka
Assays of protein contained in water-soluble fraction of encysting cells Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that the amount of β-tubulin abruptly increased in 2.5–10 h after encystment induction. Judging from the results that total α-tubulin content did not decrease much until 12 h after encystment induction, the result indicates that disassembly of microtubules may occur soon after encystment is induced. Therefore, we tried to visualize dynamics of microtubules. Immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-α-tubulin antibody indicated that disassembly of axonemal microtubules of cilia became within 1.5 h after encystment induction, and resorbed in 3 days. Although the cytoplasmic microtubules failed to be visualized clearly, encystmentdependent globulation of cells was promoted by taxol, an inhibitor of disassembly of microtubules. It is possible that a temporary formation of cytoplasmic microtubules may be involved in cell globulation. The phosphorylation level of actin (43 kDa) became slightly elevated just after encystment induction. Lepidosomes, the sticky small globes surrounding encysting cells, were vividly stained with Acti-stain 555 phalloidin, suggesting that 43-kDa actin or its homologues may be contained in lepidosomes.
{"title":"Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics","authors":"Yoichiro Sogame, K. Kojima, T. Takeshita, Shiho Kikuchi, Yuto Shimada, Rikiya Nakamura, M. Arikawa, S. Miyata, E. Kinoshita, F. Suizu, T. Matsuoka","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264","url":null,"abstract":"Assays of protein contained in water-soluble fraction of encysting cells Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that the amount of β-tubulin abruptly increased in 2.5–10 h after encystment induction. Judging from the results that total α-tubulin content did not decrease much until 12 h after encystment induction, the result indicates that disassembly of microtubules may occur soon after encystment is induced. Therefore, we tried to visualize dynamics of microtubules. Immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-α-tubulin antibody indicated that disassembly of axonemal microtubules of cilia became within 1.5 h after encystment induction, and resorbed in 3 days. Although the cytoplasmic microtubules failed to be visualized clearly, encystmentdependent globulation of cells was promoted by taxol, an inhibitor of disassembly of microtubules. It is possible that a temporary formation of cytoplasmic microtubules may be involved in cell globulation.\u0000\u0000The phosphorylation level of actin (43 kDa) became slightly elevated just after encystment induction. Lepidosomes, the sticky small globes surrounding encysting cells, were vividly stained with Acti-stain 555 phalloidin, suggesting that 43-kDa actin or its homologues may be contained in lepidosomes.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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